Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Breastfeeding is essential for infant survival and maternal health; however, many primipara women experience breastfeeding difficulties in the early postpartum period, particularly, latching difficulties, ineffective milk transfer, low breastfeeding self-efficacy and breast engorgement, which may compromise successful breastfeeding. Oketani massage is a non-pharmacological, cost-effective breast massage technique developed to enhance milk flow, improve maternal comfort during breastfeeding and reduce breast engorgement. This study aims to evaluate effect of Oketani massage on successful breastfeeding. Successful breastfeeding will be assessed through indicators of maternal latching technique, successful breastfeeding behavior and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. The findings of this study may support the use of Oketani massage as a supportive nursing intervention to promote successful breastfeeding outcomes in the early postpartum period
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Other | This group will receive the Oketani massage. |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | Primipara women in the control group who meet the inclusion criteria will be informed about the study and their consent will be obtained. This group will receive postpartum routine breast care according to health care facility policy. and they will be assessed according to outcome measures in the study |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oketani massage group | Other | primipara who meet inclusion criteria and who are assigned to the intervention group will be informed about the study and their consent will be obtained.. Primipara mothers in the intervention group will receive Oketani massage after delivery to enhance successful breastfeeding. The massage is performed using 8 specific hand steps (7 steps for separating the mammary glands and 1 step for expression). Each session lasts 15-20 minutes and is repeated according to the study protocol. the researcher will train primipara relatives to apply Oketani massage after discharge to primipara after discharge. The massage aims to increase milk flow, reduce breast engorgement, improve breast softness, enhance nipple elasticity, and increase maternal comfort and breastfeeding self-efficacy. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The LATCH Assessment sheet | It will be adopted from (Jensen et al, 1994) to assess primipara women's need for breastfeeding support, it is numbered from zero to ten, and getting a score of less than ten offers the women's need for more support during breastfeeding. The letters of the acronym LATCH appoint separate areas of assessment: L (Latch) for how well the infant latches onto the breast; A (Audible swallowing) refers the amount of audible swallowing noted while nursing the neonate; T (Type of nipple) for the women's nipple type; C (Comfort) for the women's level of comfort regarding the breast and nipple; and H (Hold) indicates to whether or not the women need help in positioning the infant. Scoring system: The system assigns a numerical score, 0, 1, or 2, to five key statements. LATCH score of poor (0 to 3), moderate (4 to 7), and good (8 to 10) | baseline; 2nd time after the 1st six hours after birth and the third time on discharge(24 hours postpartum) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT). | It will be adopted from (Matthews, 1988) to assess the infant state and contains four statements as the following: (1) infant readiness to feed/reusability, (2) rooting, (3) fixing (the time needed to latch to the breast), and (4) the sucking pattern. Scoring system: Each item is scored on a scale of 0-3, with minimum and maximum scores of 0 to 12, respectively. A score of 10-12 refers to completely successful breastfeeding behavior, a score of 7-9 indicates relatively successful breastfeeding behavior and a score of 0-6 suggests unsuccessful breastfeeding behavior. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). | It will be adopted by (Dennis et al., 2011) to measure breastfeeding confidence. The short form scale contains 14 statements as (I think I can always breastfeed my baby without using formula as a supplement, I think I can always keep wanting to breastfeed, ….. etc) that are scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from very confident (score 5) to never confident (score 1). The minimum on this scale is 14 and the maximum possible score is 70. The total scores breastfeeding self-efficacy ranged from 14 to 70 then the level of self-efficacy categorized as the following: O Low self-efficacy < 60% (14- 41) O Medium self-efficacy 60% to <75% (42 - 51) O High self-efficacy ≥ 75% (52 - 70). |
inclusion criteria:
The exclusion criteria include:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nourhan Magdy Nasr, MSc in woman's health and midw | Contact | 01097316731 | docnourhan74@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nasr | Faculty of Nursing, Dakahlia Governorate, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt. | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mansoura University | Al Mansurah | 335516 | Egypt |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001522 | Behavior, Animal |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| baseline; 2nd time after the 1st six hours after birth and the third time on discharge(24 hours postpartum) |
| baseline; 2nd time on discharge (24 hours postpartum) and the third time post one week |
| Six-point engorgement scale | It will be adopted from (Hill and Humenick,1994). Breast engorgement was graded on a scale of 1 to 6. Each score represented the following description: (1) soft and no changes in the breast, (2) small changes in the breast, (3) firm and no tender breast, (4) firm and beginning tenderness in the breast, (5) firm and tender of the breast, and (6) very firm and tender. Scoring system: Score 1 signifies normal breast (no engorgement). Score 2 and 3 signifies mild breast engorgement. Score 4 and 5 signifies moderate breast engorgement. Score 6 signifies severe breast engorgement. | Fourth day |