Forty subjects meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited at a single center and signed informed consent forms. Among them, 20 patients in the diffuse group and 20 patients in the localized group were randomly assigned to the conventional radial endobronchial ultrasound combined with cryobiopsy group (conventional group) and the confocal laser endomicroscopy combined with cryobiopsy group (combined group). During the operation, the operator manipulated the bronchoscope to reach the lesion. After confirming the arrival at the lesion using radial endobronchial ultrasound/confocal laser endomicroscopy, cryobiopsy was performed, and the size of the sample was recorded. CBCT scanning was conducted after cryobiopsy. If there was no hole-in-lesion image, cryobiopsy was performed again under CBCT guidance. CBCT scanning was performed after biopsy to determine whether there were any adverse events.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients over 18 years old with lung lesions indicated by chest CT;
2. Preoperative CT indicates that the lung lesion to be biopsied has a bronchus leading to it;
3. Able to understand and voluntarily sign the written informed consent form. -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with contraindications to anesthesia or bronchoscopy;
2. Patients with uncorrectable coagulation disorders;
3. Patients who cannot discontinue therapeutic anticoagulants within an appropriate time interval before surgery;
4. Patients with severe liver or kidney dysfunction, mental illness, etc.;
5. Pregnant or lactating patients;
6. Patients without a clear histological or clinical diagnosis;
7. Subjects deemed unsuitable for participation in this study by the investigator.