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Invasive physiotherapy techniques, such as Intratissue Percutaneous Electroly-sis (IPE), have numerous beneficial effects depending on the pathology being treated, in-cluding the deactivation of myofascial trigger points (MTP) caused by myofascial pain syndrome (MPS).
The objectives are (1) evaluate the effectiveness of low intesity IPE treatment com-pared to DN on the shortening of FHB in patients with MPS, in 4 and 12 weeks evaluation, (2) assess the distribution of plantar pressures after the interventions and (3) evaluate the modification of FHB activation following the interventions.
Patients are divided into two intervention groups (IPE; n=18) and (DN; n=22). Before the intervention, variables of mean and maximum pressure are measured in all patients using a pressure platform, and neuromuscular activity is assessed through surface electromy-ography (sEMG). These measures are repeated at 4- and 12-weeks post-intervention. The results show efficacy in both techniques, with significant differences at both 4 weeks and 12 weeks in favor of the IPE group, both in plantar pressure distribution and muscular activity.
The first measurement (week of November 25, 2024) is considered the baseline measurement since the subjects had not been previously intervened. Therefore, the measurement is first performed using the pressure platform and sEMG, followed by the intervention of DN or IPE based on the group to which the subjects were previously as-signed.
At week 4 from the first measurement (week of December 23, 2024), the second data collection is conducted, using the same procedure as in the first measurement.
At week 12 from the initial measurement (week of February 17, 2025), the third data collection takes place using the same procedure as the previous two, with the difference that in this final measurement there will be no intervention of DN or IPE.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group Percutaneous Intratisular Electrolysis (IPE) | Experimental | To perform the intervention correctly, whether for DN or IPE, the patient is positioned in a prone position. followed by disinfection with an antiseptic applied to the region to be addressed, with the therapist always wearing gloves as protection. Once the respective treatment is completed, pressure is applied to the needle entry point for 30 seconds. The IPE intervention is performed with the Physio Invasiva® device (Enraf Nonius Ibérica S.A., Madrid, Spain), following the same approach as in the DN, with gloves worn and the region disinfected beforehand. The tense band is located to introduce the needle into the nodule, attempting to elicit a LTR produced by an MTP (20,34,37,38) , Galvanic current is then applied, with 3 pulses of 5 seconds each at an intensity of 1.5 milliamperes (mA) and current interruption between each pulse (34) , differing from other studies that apply 3 mA or more (37,38) . |
|
| dry needling (DN) | Experimental | To perform the intervention correctly, whether for DN or IPE, the patient is positioned in a prone position. followed by disinfection with an antiseptic applied to the region to be addressed, with the therapist always wearing gloves as protection. Once the respective treatment is completed, pressure is applied to the needle entry point for 30 seconds. The intervention with DN is performed using the "quick entries and exits technique of Hong" (35) , with gloves and alcohol disinfectant applied to the region to be treated, in this case, the internal part of the plantar foot (FHB) (33) . Next, the taud band of the FHB muscle is located, and a palpable nodule that is painful to mechanical stimulation is identified in the taud band. The needle is then inserted into the nodule to perform the "quick entry and exit technique" (34) , with 4 entries and exits performed on the FHB, aiming to provoke local twich responses (LTR) |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intratissue Percutaneous Electroly | Other | Three interventions were performed, the first in the initial week, after pressure and sEMG measurements, the second in week 4, and the third in week 12. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| mean pressures (MP) | it is the average value of the pressure measured on a pressure platform, representing the general distribution of force per unit area across a surface (g/cm²) | It was measured at the start of the protocol in week 1, in week 4 and in week 12. |
| maximum pressures (PMáx) | it is the highest pressure value recorded on the pressure platform, indicating the point of greatest concentration of force per unit area on the evaluated surface.(g/cm²) | It was measured at the start of the protocol in week 1, in week 4 and in week 12. |
| maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) | The muscular activation is analyzed during 3 sets of 5 seconds of isometric contraction, against the resistance of the examiner's hand | It was measured at the start of the protocol in week 1, in week 4 and in week 12. |
| dynamic muscular activation of the FHB | The subject's position is a protocol that has been previously explained to ensure correct measurement. The subject must walk for 20 seconds | It was measured at the start of the protocol in week 1, in week 4 and in week 12. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| MarÃa de Pedro Benito, PhD | Associate Professor | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidad Camilo José Cela | Madrid | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33451013 | Result | Martinez-Jimenez EM, Losa-Iglesias ME, Antolin-Gil MS, Lopez-Lopez D, Romero-Morales C, Benito-de-Pedro M, Calvo-Lobo C, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R. Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle Dry Needling Changes Surface and Plantar Pressures: A Pre-Post Study. Life (Basel). 2021 Jan 13;11(1):48. doi: 10.3390/life11010048. | |
| 32545583 | Result |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009209 | Myofascial Pain Syndromes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000079245 | Dry Needling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
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| dry needling | Other | Three interventions were performed, the first in the initial week, after pressure and sEMG measurements, the second in week 4, and the third in week 12. |
|
| Rodriguez-Huguet M, Gongora-Rodriguez J, Rodriguez-Huguet P, Ibanez-Vera AJ, Rodriguez-Almagro D, Martin-Valero R, Diaz-Fernandez A, Lomas-Vega R. Effectiveness of Percutaneous Electrolysis in Supraspinatus Tendinopathy: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 12;9(6):1837. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061837. |
| 36924312 | Result | Martinez-Jimenez EM, Losa-Iglesias ME, Mazoteras-Pardo V, Lopez-Lopez D, Pereiro-Buceta H, Calvo-Lobo C, Rodriguez-Sanz D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Navarro-Flores E. Dry needling of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle reduces postural control in standing: A pre-post stabilometric study. J Anat. 2023 Sep;243(3):545-554. doi: 10.1111/joa.13862. Epub 2023 Mar 16. |
| 37109468 | Result | Benito-de-Pedro AI, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Rodriguez-Sanz D, Calvo-Lobo C, Benito-de-Pedro M. Efficacy of Deep Dry Needling versus Percutaneous Electrolysis in Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Active Myofascial Trigger Points of the Levator Scapulae in Short-Term: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Life (Basel). 2023 Apr 3;13(4):939. doi: 10.3390/life13040939. |
| 29924769 | Result | Lopez-Martos R, Gonzalez-Perez LM, Ruiz-Canela-Mendez P, Urresti-Lopez FJ, Gutierrez-Perez JL, Infante-Cossio P. Randomized, double-blind study comparing percutaneous electrolysis and dry needling for the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2018 Jul 1;23(4):e454-e462. doi: 10.4317/medoral.22488. |
| 32594264 | Result | Galasso A, Urits I, An D, Nguyen D, Borchart M, Yazdi C, Manchikanti L, Kaye RJ, Kaye AD, Mancuso KF, Viswanath O. A Comprehensive Review of the Treatment and Management of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2020 Jun 27;24(8):43. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00877-5. |