The TT group performs high-intensity treadmill training on a conventional treadmill. Before the training begins, the ReStore Soft exoskeleton, which is a special gait assist device, is fitted. The device uses motion sensors to process the movements of the lower limb on the healthy side and uses a motor attached to the waist to map them using bowden cables while walking on the affected paretic side in real time. During therapy, the amount of assistance provided by the exoskeleton can be continuously adjusted to the patient's needs from an external controller, so that therapy can be performed in a specialized manner for the individual. 5 times/week for 3 weeks, 30 minutes each.

The VR&AR-TT group performs treadmill training on a special treadmill, the C-Mill VR+ device, for which the virtual and augmented reality movement programs are provided by the CueFors 2.5 software, which is the original control software for the C-Mill. The C-Mill VR+ system is a 3 m long and 1 m wide treadmill with a force platform underneath. A 65" fixed-position monitor in front of the treadmill provides the virtual reality environment, and a projector placed next to the treadmill allows various tasks to be projected onto the treadmill belt, providing immediate real-time feedback to the patient and therapist via the force platform. 5 times/week for 3 weeks, 30 minutes each.

Patients in the C-TT group use the ReStore Soft exoskeleton and the C-Mill VR+ system together. 5 times/week for 3 weeks, 30 minutes each.

The Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16) consists of 16 items from the 4 physical domains (strength, hand function, mobility, and ADL/IADL). Scoring involves rating 16 physical function items on a 1-to-5 Likert scale (1=could not do at all, 5=not difficult at all), with higher scores indicating better function.

The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used to measure static and dynamic balance. The BBS can objectively measure the subject's ability to balance safely during a series of pre-determined tasks. It is a 14-item task, with each item scored on a five-point scale from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates the lowest level of function and 4 the highest. The maximum score is 56, indicating perfect functional balance. A score below 45 indicates an increased risk of falling, and, the lower the score, the higher the risk of falling.

The Tinetti test is a common clinical tool for assessing mobility, balance (static and dynamic) and gait in the elderly, especially for assessing fall risk. Scoring: 0, 1, 2 points for each subscale. Total score 28. A score below 25 points significantly increases the likelihood of falling

To measure endurance, we used a 6-minute walk test (6mWT). During the test, the subject walks back and forth along a pre-designated flat and straight 50 m long trail. The walk starts when the timer is started at the tester's command; the pace of the walk is set by the subject, with no interference from the tester. If the subject needs to stop for a rest during the walk, the timing is not stopped. The subject will continue walking for 6 min and will stop only at the direction of the examiner after the 6 min have elapsed. The result is the distance covered in 6 min, expressed in meters. If the subject is required to stop and sit down within the 6 min, the test result is the distance covered. The greater the distance traveled, the better the endurance required.

A 10-meter walk test (10mWT) was used to measure walking speed. To perform the test, a 10 m long flat, level area was designated. The 10 m section was marked at 0, 2, 8 and 10 m with thick adhesive tape. The subject started walking at the 0 m mark on the instructions of the examiner. As soon as he reached the 2 m mark, the examiner started the timer and stopped it the moment he reached the 8 m mark, thus testing his walking speed over a 6 m stretch. The speed is given by the distance (6 m) divided by the time measured (in seconds to two decimal places) in m/s

During the postural examination, the presence and extent of postural instability were monitored using a posturograph (ProKin 252N, TecnoBody, Dalmine, Italy). During the test, the subjects were asked to stand on the test apparatus for 20 s in 4 different in-creasingly difficult postures: 1-wide stance-eye open (WEO); 2-wide stance-eye closed (WEC); 3-narrow stance-eye open (NEO); 4-narrow stance-eye closed (NEC). During the test, the subjects stood barefoot on the test apparatus and were not exposed to any external stimuli during the test. The results are provided by the 3-dimensional path of the body's center of pressure (COP-Sway). The smaller the COP-Sway , the lower the postural instability.

For 3D gait analysis we use the MVN Awinda motion capture system developed by Xsens (Movella, El Segundo, Califonia, US) and the MVN Analyze (version 2025.0.1.) motion analysis software. The MVN Awinda motion capture system consists of a total of 17 inertial measurement units (IMUs), which include accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. The sensors are placed at different predefined anatomical points on the body.

The 3D gait analysis includes multiple distinct gait parameters, each representing an independent outcome with its own unit of measure. These parameters are not aggregated into a single composite score, but are analyzed and reported separately as standard spatiotemporal gait outcomes.

Spatiotemporal parameters: Gait speed (m/s); Number of steps (count); Cadence (steps/min).

For 3D gait analysis we use the MVN Awinda motion capture system developed by Xsens (Movella, El Segundo, Califonia, US) and the MVN Analyze (version 2025.0.1.) motion analysis software. The MVN Awinda motion capture system consists of a total of 17 inertial measurement units (IMUs), which include accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. The sensors are placed at different predefined anatomical points on the body.

The 3D gait analysis includes multiple distinct gait parameters, each representing an independent outcome with its own unit of measure. These parameters are not aggregated into a single composite score, but are analyzed and reported separately as standard spatiotemporal gait outcomes. Spatial parameters: Step length - Left (cm); Step length - Right (cm); Step length difference (cm); Step width - Left (cm); Step width - Right (cm); Step width difference (cm).

For 3D gait analysis we use the MVN Awinda motion capture system developed by Xsens (Movella, El Segundo, Califonia, US) and the MVN Analyze (version 2025.0.1.) motion analysis software. The MVN Awinda motion capture system consists of a total of 17 inertial measurement units (IMUs), which include accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. The sensors are placed at different predefined anatomical points on the body. The 3D gait analysis includes multiple distinct gait parameters, each representing an independent outcome with its own unit of measure. These parameters are not aggregated into a single composite score, but are analyzed and reported separately as standard spatiotemporal gait outcomes. Temporal parameters (percentage of gait cycle): Total gait cycle - Left (%); Total gait cycle - Right (%); Swing phase - Left (%); Swing phase - Right (%); Stance phase - Left (%); Stance phase - Right (%); Double support phase - Left (%); Double support phase - Right (%).