It is an Observational Study That Compare Prognosis of Typical and Atypical Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presentation

Atypical Lupus Presentations and Their Prognostic Implications

Atypical presentations of SLE including unusual initial symptoms, predominant organ involvement, late-onset disease and ANA-negative remain poorly characterized. These forms are often associated with delayed diagnosis and potentially worse clinical outcomes. Most existing studies focus on isolated rare manifestations rather than analyzing atypical SLE as a cohesive category. Understanding these differences is crucial and this study aims to compare atypical and typical SLE presentations to clarify variations in prognosis, treatment requirements and subsequent organ involvement.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients diagnosed as SLE according toSLICC 2012Classification Criteria[13] :

A. Patients presented with typical lupus presentation:

1. age of onset (20-50)
2. common initial manifestations as constitutional manifestations,arthritis, mucocutaneousmanifestationslike malar rash, photosensitivity and hair falling.
3. patients with ANA positive.

B. Patients presented with atypical lupus presentation:

1. any clinical presentation not belonging to classic common SLE onset features, including but not limited to:

   • Neuropsychiatric onset: seizure, psychosis, aseptic meningitis, transverse myelitis
   • Cardiopulmonary onset: pulmonary hypertension, acute pneumonitis, myocarditis, pulmonary hemorrhage
   • Gastrointestinal onset: mesenteric vasculitis, intestinal pseudo obstruction, pancreatitis
   • Hematologic severe onset: isolated severe thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombotic microangiopathy
   • Dermatologic atypical onset: bullous lupus, panniculitis, vasculitic ulcers
   • Myositis
   • Fever of unknown origin (FUO) as sole initial presentation
   • Thrombotic events
   • Generalized lymphadenopathy.

2. Patients with dominant organ affection.

3. patients with late onset SLE.

4. patients with ANA negative SLE. C.Patients who can provide informed consent.

exclusion criteria:

1. Patients whose initial symptoms are clearly attributable to infection, sepsis or another non-SLE condition.
2. Patients with chronic pre-existing diseases that may mimic or obscure the initial SLE presentation (e.g. primary epilepsy, primary pulmonary hypertension, chronic liver or GI disease).
3. Patients in whom onset features cannot be reliably classified as typical or atypical due to mixed or unclear presentation.

Exclusion Criteria:

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