Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men and may require surgical treatment when medical therapy is ineffective. Anatomical prostate enucleation using different laser technologies is a well-established surgical approach for the treatment of BPH.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study is to compare the efficiency and safety of three commonly used laser systems-Holmium:YAG, Thulium:YAG, and Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL)-during anatomical prostate enucleation.

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate laser efficiency by measuring grams of enucleated prostate tissue per joule (g/J) using intraoperative laser device data. Secondary outcomes include changes in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the occurrence of postoperative urinary incontinence.

All laser systems used in this study are part of routine clinical practice, and no additional diagnostic procedures or treatments will be performed for study purposes

This is a prospective, randomized, single-center clinical study designed to compare the efficiency and safety of three different laser systems used in anatomical prostate enucleation for the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to undergo prostate enucleation using one of the following laser technologies: Holmium:YAG laser, Thulium:YAG laser, or Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL). All procedures will be performed according to standard surgical techniques routinely used in clinical practice.

The primary outcome of the study is laser efficiency, which will be evaluated using intraoperative laser system data,including grams of enucleated prostate tissue per joule (g/J). Preoperative prostate volume and intraoperative laser parameters are routinely recorded and will be used for analysis. No additional diagnostic procedures or treatments will be performed specifically for study purposes.

Secondary outcomes include changes in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) from preoperative assessment to postoperative follow-up and the presence of postoperative urinary incontinence. Safety assessment will be based on perioperative and postoperative adverse events recorded during routine clinical care.

The study will be conducted in accordance with ethical principles and applicable regulatory requirements, and patient confidentiality will be maintained throughout the study period.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and scheduled for anatomical prostate enucleation
• Presence of a prostate and clinical indication for surgical treatment
• Age between 50 and 80 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• History or suspicion of prostate cancer
• Previous prostate surgery
• Presence of neurogenic bladder or significant lower urinary tract dysfunction unrelated to BPH
• Active urinary tract infection at the time of surgery
• Severe comorbid conditions contraindicating surgery or anesthesia

Individuals of any gender identity who have a prostate and meet the clinical eligibility criteria for prostate enucleation surgery are eligible to participate in this study.

De-identified individual participant data that underlie the results reported in publications will be made available upon reasonable request.

Beginning 6 months after publication and ending 5 years after publication.

Data will be shared with qualified researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Requests should be directed to the corresponding investigator.