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Non-specific spondylodiscitis is a bacterial infection of the spine that in some cases requires surgical treatment. The basis of surgical treatment is the removal of affected tissues. In this case, the supportive function of the affected area is lost, which also requires stable fixation. Access to the affected part of the spine can be achieved through both anterior and posterior approaches. There is no reliable data yet confirming the advantages of each approach. Our study demonstrated successful surgical treatment of infection foci using posterior approach, no neurological or other complications were occurred. Older patients shown differences in hemoglobin levels, postoperative pain scores, the number of affected vertebrae, types of bacteria and recurrent rate.
This retrospective study was conducted on 38 patients with spondylodiscitis treated using a posterior approach. Clinical data were evaluated in four age groups: under 39 years, 40-49 years, and 50-59 years and over 60.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posterial approach | Experimental | All patients with spondilodiscitis admitted to surgical treatment in one center. During the operation, a posterior approach was used to access the source of infection. The incision of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and aponeurosis was made with the patient in the prone position, projecting through the spinous processes of the vertebrae above the infection site and one adjacent vertebra. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posterior approach to infection site | Procedure | For the posterior approach, an incision through the skin, subcutaneous fat, and aponeurosis was made with the patient in the prone position, projecting through the spinous processes of the vertebrae above the infection site and one adjacent vertebra. In all cases, a thorough exploration and debridement of the infection site was performed. Bone biopsies were taken from suspected infection sites in all patients for culture. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Surgery time | Surgery time in minutes | From enrollment to the end of surgery at 1 year |
| Hospital stays | Hospital stays in day | From enrollment to the end of surgery at 1 year |
| Re-operation | Re-operation number | From enrollment to the 1-year post-surgical treatment follow-up period |
| Health Questionnaire EuroQol 5 Dimension five levels (EQ-5D-5L) | The EQ-5D-5L descriptive system uses five dimensions and five levels of severity in each dimension. TThe five dimensions include mobility, self-care, activities of daily living, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression. The five levels in each dimension are worded as (1) 'not /no problems', (2) 'slight problems', (3) 'moderate problems', (4) 'severe problems' and (5) 'unable to' (mobility, self-care, usual activities), 'extreme' (pain/depression), or 'extremely' (anxiety/depression). Their responses are coded as a number (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5) that corresponds to the respective level of severity: 1 indicates no problems, 2-4 some problems and 3 extreme problems. In this way, a person's health state profile can be defined by a 5-digit number, ranging from 11111 (having no problems in any of the dimensions) to 55555 (having extreme problems in all the dimensions). The assigning of a value to an EQ-5D state is based on the time trade-off (TTO) approach. | From enrollment to the end of surgery at 1 year |
| VAS-pain after surgery | VAS-pain on the 2nd day after surgery. Visual analog scale (0-10 VAS) and it was categorized using the following terms : no pain (0), mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), severe (7-9), or worse pain. | On the 2nd day after surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- a deep infection affecting intervertebral discs and adjacent vertebral bodies in thoracolumbar spine region which were classified as B.3.1-2 and C2-C4 according to the Pola classification
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty | Cheboksary | Chuvashskaya Respublika | 428020 | Russia |
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Patients with a deep infection affecting intervertebral discs and neighboring vertebral bodies in the thoracolumbar spine area, which were categorized as B.3.1-2 and C2-C4 according to the Pola classification.
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Patients were informed about the upcoming surgery and its outcome - healing from infection. However, due to a lack of specialized medical training, they were unable to evaluate the use of the posterior approach. Outcome assessments were conducted without mentioning the use of the operative approach.
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| VAS-pain after discharge |
VAS-pain on the 2nd day after discharge. Visual analog scale (0-10 VAS) and it was categorized using the following terms : no pain (0), mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), severe (7-9), or worse pain. |
| On the 2nd day after discharge |
| Blood loss during surgery | Blood loss during surgery in ml | During the intervention |
| Procalcitonin | Procalcitonin level in the blood in ng/mL | On the 2nd day after surgery |
| C-reactive protein | C-reactive protein in the blood in mg/L (Less than less than 3 mg/L consider be normal) | On the 2nd day after surgery |
| ESR | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in mm/hr. Normal ESR ; <20mm/hr. | On the 2nd day after surgery |
| White blood cells | White blood cells. The normal number of WBCs in the blood is 4.5 to 11.0 × 109/L. | On the 2nd day after surgery |
| Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin level in grams per deciliter. Normal hemoglobin for men ranges from 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL. Normal range for women is 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL. | On the 2nd day after surgery |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015299 | Discitis |
| D013166 | Spondylitis |
| D010019 | Osteomyelitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001850 | Bone Diseases, Infectious |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D013122 | Spinal Diseases |
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