Stable Versus Unstable Resistance Training Effects on Physical Fitness and Physiological Biomarkers of Untrained Male University Students

Comparative Effects of Stable Versus Unstable Resistance Training on Lipid Profile Selected Physical Fitness and Renal Biomarkers of Untrained Male University Students

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effects of stable and unstable resistance training on physical fitness, kidney function and blood lipid tests in healthy young male volunteers. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Do both stable and unstable resistance training increase the level of urinary protein clearance greater than the control group?
• What is the difference in improvement of lipid profiles among the groups?
• Does unstable resistance training mode rise muscular endurance greater than stable resistance training?

Researchers will compare stable and unstable resistance training to see if there are differences on physical fitness measures, blood lipid and urinary protein tests.

Participants, in their respective group will receive ten weeks of:

• Stable resistance training
• Unstable resistance training or
• No exercise training intervention

This study included volunteer male untrained students living at Kotebe University of Education. Priori statistical power analysis (G*Power version 3.1.9.2, Stuttgart, Germany) was used to estimate the sample size. Based on earlier research, a moderate to high effect size (0.295) was assumed, and considering a dropout probability of 10%, a sample of 54 participants was enough to meet adequate statistical power. All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. The training protocol will include ten resistance exercises for each intervention, performed three times a week for 10 weeks. Each session lasts 60 minutes, including a 10 to 15-minute warm-up, a 40-minute main exercise targeting core, upper, and lower limb muscles, and a 5 to 10-minute cool-down and stretching. The protocol will adhere to basic training principles like overload, progression, and specificity. The training will take place in the university gymnasium. The study will be conducted in accordance with local legislation and institutional requirements. It will be strictly governed by the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Inclusion Criteria:

• No resistance training within the previous six months
• Completing a written informed consent document
• Responding to the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) and becoming convenient

Exclusion Criteria:

• A history of musculoskeletal injury
• Chronic diseases, including known kidney disease
• A habit of alcohol or drug abuse