Objective: To investigate the effect of regular low-frequency hemoperfusion on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular mortality risk in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.

Methods: Data from MHD patients over the past 10 years at our blood purification center were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into a hemoperfusion group (receiving regular low-frequency hemoperfusion once monthly) and a non-hemoperfusion group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Differences in cumulative all-cause and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular mortality between the two groups before and after matching were compared. A competing risk model was employed to analyze mortality risk.

Clinical and laboratory data were collected for all enrolled patients. These included age, sex, underlying medical conditions, dialysis vintage, blood pressure, serum albumin, hemoglobin, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum calcium, serum phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and serum β2-microglobulin. Time-averaged mean values were calculated for blood pressure and laboratory parameters across the entire follow-up period. Data on cardiovascular/cerebrovascular death and all-cause mortality over the past ten years were also compiled.

Given the considerably larger size of the Hemoperfusion Group compared with the Non-Hemoperfusion Group, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed by specialized statisticians during data processing to balance baseline characteristics between the two groups. This approach enabled a systematic assessment of the effect of regular low-frequency hemoperfusion on cardiovascular/cerebrovascular and all-cause mortality in MHD patients.

Inclusion criteria:

• Included patients were aged ≥18 years
• Undergo dialysis treatment three times a week (each session lasting 3-4 hours)
• Having basically complete clinical and laboratory records, and having received at least 6 months of follow-up at this center

Exclusion Criteria:

• Under 18 years old
• Does not receive dialysis three times a week (each session lasts 3-4 hours)
• Does not have basic complete clinical and laboratory records, and has not been followed up at this center for at least 6 months

Patients who received MHD treatment at the Hemodialysis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2015 to December 31, 2024. Included patients were aged ≥18 years, received dialysis three times a week (each session lasting 3-4 hours), had basically complete clinical and laboratory records, and were followed up at our center for at least 6 months.