Participants use advanced myoelectric prosthetic hands with multi-articulating structures and enhanced control features designed to improve functional performance.These devices are designed to enhance hand function, dexterity, and user interaction beyond conventional myoelectric control.

Participants in this group are individuals with upper limb amputation who use a myoelectric prosthetic hand controlled by surface electromyographic signals from residual limb muscles. These devices provide electrically powered hand movement and basic grasp functions without advanced bionic or sensor-integrated features.

The Upper Limb Functional Index-15 (ULFI-15) is a 15-item patient-reported outcome measure used to assess functional limitations related to the upper extremity. It evaluates difficulties in daily activities, movement, and functional performance of the upper limb. Higher scores indicate greater functional limitation.

The Amputee Body Image Scale (ABIS) is a self-reported questionnaire designed to assess body image perception and body-related concerns in individuals with limb amputation. It measures the psychological impact of amputation on body image, with higher scores reflecting greater body image disturbance.

The Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS) is a validated patient-reported outcome measure used to evaluate functional status, satisfaction, and quality of life in individuals using orthotic or prosthetic devices. It assesses the user's perceived functional ability and satisfaction with their prosthetic device and related services.