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children and adolescents with CP are at increased risk of developing mental health difficulties, particularly anxiety disorders, compared with their typically developing peers. this study was to investigate the correlation between anxiety, spasticity and balance in children with cerebral palsy.
forty children with hemiplegia and diplegia were recruited from outpatient clinic of faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University and October 6 University. These children aged from 4 to 8 years old. Anxiety, motor function, spasticity and balance were assessed by Modified Yale Pre-Operative Anxiety Scale ((m -YPAS), The Gross Motor Functional Measurement-88 (GMFM-88), the modified Ashworth scale and Biodex balance system respectively.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| function | The Gross Motor Functional Measurement-88 used to measure function. The GMFM is a standardized observational instrument designed and validated to measure change in gross motor function over time in children with cerebral palsy. The scoring key is meant to be a general guideline. However, most of the items have specific descriptors for each score. It is imperative that the guidelines contained in the manual be used for scoring each item. SCORING KEY 0 = does not initiate
| 3 months |
| spasticity | The modified Ashworth scale was used to measure spasticity. The test is performed by extending the patients limb's first from a position of maximal possible flexion to maximal possible extension (the point at which the first soft resistance is met). Afterwards, the modified Ashworth scale is assessed while moving from extension to flexion. Scoring 0 No Increased in tone
| 3 months |
| balance | 3. Biodex balance system was used to evaluate the postural stability and dynamic balance of children | 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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POWER statistical programming was used to test size estimation [Exact Correlation: Bivariate normal model, α = 0.05, β = 0.20, number of variables = 2, correlation ρH0 = 0, correlation ρH1 = 0.81, and coefficient of determination ρ2 = 0.66 and shown that the suitable sample size of current study was N = 13]. This coefficient of determination ρ2 was calculated from a pilot study of ten participants (between grades of spasticity and gross motor function).
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mostafa s Ali, PhD | associate professor of physical therapy for pediatrics | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cairo University | Cairo | 11432 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002547 | Cerebral Palsy |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D009128 | Muscle Spasticity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001925 | Brain Damage, Chronic |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009122 | Muscle Hypertonia |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |