Postoperative Complications After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy or Short-course Radiotherapy and Total Neoadjuvant Treatment: a Multicentric Retrospective Cohort Study

Postoperative Complications After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy or Short-course Radiotherapy and Total Neoadjuvant Treatment: a Multicentric Retrospective Cohort Study

The primary objective of the study is to compare the rate of postoperative complications between rectal cancer patients undergoing standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or short- course radiotherapy and patients receiving TNT. The secondary objectives of the study include the evaluation of treatment-related adverse reactions and postoperative complications in elderly patients receiving the treatments and the comparison of treatment-related adverse reactions and postoperative complications in patients receiving induction versus consolidation TNT.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with locally advanced (T2N+, T3N+, T4N0, or T4N+) rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or short-course radiotherapy or TNT and surgery between January 2016 and January 2025;
• Patients who underwent restorative or non-restorative surgery;
• Patients undergoing open, laparoscopic, or robotic intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who underwent non-operative management after neoadjuvant treatment.