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The goal of this prospective observational study is to evaluate the effect of different time intervals between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) sessions on renal injury using urinary biomarkers in patients with urinary system stone disease.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does the interval between consecutive ESWL sessions affect the degree of renal injury?
Are urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels reliable biomarkers for detecting ESWL-related renal damage?
What is the optimal time interval between ESWL sessions to minimize renal injury?
If there is a comparison group, researchers will compare patients undergoing ESWL with different inter-session time intervals to determine whether shorter or longer intervals are associated with higher levels of renal injury biomarkers.
Participants will:
Undergo ESWL treatment for urinary system stones
Be assigned to one of two groups based on the time interval between ESWL sessions
Provide urine samples before ESWL and after three ESWL sessions
Have urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels measured to assess renal injury
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Interventions | Other | No study-specific intervention; patients receive standard-of-care SWL. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in urinary NGAL level | Difference in urinary NGAL levels measured before SWL and after completion of three SWL sessions | Within 2 weeks after completion of the third SWL session |
| Change in urinary KIM-1 levels | Difference in urinary KIM-1 levels measured before SWL and after completion of three SWL sessions | Within 2 weeks after completion of the third SWL session |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Between-group difference in change of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels according to SWL session intervals | Within 2 weeks after completion of the third SWL session |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of adult patients aged 18 years and older with urinary system stone disease who are undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) as part of routine clinical care. Participants are prospectively observed to evaluate changes in urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels as biomarkers of renal injury associated with SWL. Patients with active urinary tract infection, suspected struvite stones, urinary diversion, nephrostomy tube, bleeding disorders, pregnancy, anticoagulant use, or cardiac arrhythmia are excluded.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marmara University School of Medicine Urology Department | Istanbul | Istanbul | 34854 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014545 | Urinary Calculi |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052878 | Urolithiasis |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
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Urinary NGAL and KIM-1
| No intervention | Other | No study-specific intervention; patients receive standard-of-care SWL. |
|
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002137 | Calculi |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |