This study aimed to compare the effects of single-set versus multiple-set resistance training on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary men. Participants were randomly assigned to a single-set training group, a multiple-set training group, or a non-training control group. The intervention consisted of a structured resistance training program performed over a defined training period, while the control group maintained their usual lifestyle without structured exercise. Neuromuscular performance outcomes included maximal strength and functional performance measures, and muscle morphology was assessed using appropriate imaging and anthropometric methods. The findings of this study are intended to contribute to the understanding of optimal resistance training volume for improving neuromuscular adaptations in previously untrained individuals.

This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of resistance training volume on neuromuscular performance and muscle morphology in sedentary adult men. Participants with no regular resistance training history were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups: a single-set resistance training group, a multiple-set resistance training group, and a non-training control group.

Both training groups participated in a supervised resistance training program targeting major muscle groups. The single-set group performed one set per exercise, while the multiple-set group performed multiple sets per exercise, using comparable exercise selection, intensity progression, and rest intervals. Training sessions were conducted at a consistent weekly frequency over the intervention period. The control group did not engage in any structured exercise program and was instructed to maintain their habitual daily activities throughout the study.

Neuromuscular performance was evaluated using maximal strength and functional performance assessments conducted before and after the intervention period. Muscle morphology outcomes were assessed using standardized measurement techniques appropriate for evaluating changes in muscle size and structure. All assessments were performed by trained personnel following standardized protocols.

The primary objective of the study was to compare the magnitude of neuromuscular and morphological adaptations between single-set and multiple-set resistance training protocols in previously untrained individuals. Secondary objectives included comparing both training interventions with a non-training control condition. The results of this study aim to provide evidence-based insight into the effectiveness of different resistance training volumes for improving neuromuscular adaptations in sedentary populations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male participants aged between 18 and 40 years
• Sedentary lifestyle (no structured resistance training in the previous 6 months)
• Apparently healthy, with no known cardiovascular, metabolic, or musculoskeletal disorders
• Ability to participate in resistance training exercise
• Willingness to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participation in regular resistance or structured exercise training within the past 6 months
• History of musculoskeletal injury or surgery that could limit exercise performance
• Presence of cardiovascular, neurological, or metabolic disease
• Use of medications or supplements known to affect muscle function or performance
• Any condition deemed unsafe for participation by the investigators

This study was conducted as an open-label trial. Due to the nature of the exercise interventions, neither participants nor investigators were blinded to group allocation.