Prospective, open-label, single-arm, early feasibility study (EFS) in 2 Patient cohorts: Cohort A - Dose finding / Dose response study in patients with various etiologies undergoing Esophagectomy and Cohort B - Patients with Barrett's Esophagus (BE) with Low-Grade Dysplasia (LDG) or High-Grade Dysplasia (HGD) without a visible (excisable) lesion. This is a pilot study which plan to enroll up to 5 eligible patients in the First Cohort (A) and up to 15 patients in the Second Cohort (B) of the study.

Study intervention means tha application of different doses of laser energy in the ablation of esophageal mucosa using the Digma System and the Endoscopic Gastrointestinal Ablation Device (EGAD) procedure (Cohort A) followed by application of the optimal dose for treatment of patients with BE with Low-Grade Dysplasia (LGD) or High-Grade Dysplasia (HDG) without a visible lesion (Cohort B).

EGAD is a proprietary, controlled laser ablation system for the treatment of endoluminal pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. EGAD achieves high precision through a unique optical design that controls laser energy, beam size, wavelength, and focal plane. This allows for effective ablation that is limited to the mucosa of pre-selected regions of interest, avoiding a wider and deeper injury to healthy tissue. EGAD procedure can be performed safely in a standard endoscopy suite under direct endoscopic visualization. In this First-in-Human pilot feasibility study, we plan to assess the feasibility of EGAD for achieving mucosal ablation (1) in healthy esophageal tissue in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer or other indications (Barrett's mucosa may be ablated as well) - Cohort A; and (2) In patients with Barrett's Esophagus with low and/or high-grade dysplasia (BORN = Barrett´s Oesophagus-Related Neoplasia) without a visible (excisable) lesion - Cohort B.

Inclusion Criteria:

Cohort A:

1. Male or Female ≥18 years of age at the time of consent.
2. Scheduled to undergo esophagectomy for malignant or benign indications .
3. Contain enough healthy (or with BE) tissue to be ablated (≥1cm) by for EGAD treatment.
4. Capable of providing written informed consent.

Cohort B:

1. Male or Female ≥18 and ≤ 70 years of age at the time of consent.
2. Documented diagnosis of Barrett's Esophagus (BE) with LGD or HGD, confirmed by biopsy specimen analysis.
3. No visible lesion in the esophagus (suitable for endoscopic resection).
4. Scheduled to undergo Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) procedure of Barrett's Esophagus (BE) with dysplasia.
5. BE affected tissue length ≥1 cm and ≤ 5cm (as measured endoscopically).
6. Capable of providing written informed consent.
7. Willingness and ability to comply with follow-up requirements, including endoscopies and biopsies.
8. Ability to tolerate and take oral proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

Cohort A:

1. Severe medical comorbidities that preclude esophagectomy.
2. Any medical or technical condition that may preclude endoscopy during surgical esophagectomy at the discretion of operating surgeon.
3. Any previous procedures involving esophageal tissue resection or ablation.
4. Patients with incomplete healing of tissue following radiation at the area-of-interest.
5. Subjects undergoing (or having undergone) photodynamic therapy.
6. Subjects of high surgical risk, in which any delay in the esophagectomy surgery may, in the option of the PI, increase the risk for to Adverse event (AE) / Serious Adverse event (SAE).
7. Presence of esophageal stricture preventing passage of the endoscope or investigational catheter .
8. Any anatomical abnormality (such as but not limited to, esophageal dilation) that, at the discretion of the investigator may preclude the laser ablation.
9. Presence of esophageal varices in the esophagus.
10. Presence of severe bleeding or severe inflammation at the time of endoscopy of EGAD.
11. Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of childbearing potential and not using an adequate contraceptive method .
12. Any disorder, which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardize participant's safety or compliance with the Clinical Investigation Plan (CIP).
13. Patient refusal or inability to provide written informed consent.

Cohort B:

1. Severe medical comorbidities that preclude endoscopy or multiple co-morbidities placing the patient at risk or otherwise unsuitable for trial participation .
2. Previous radiotherapy in the chest.
3. Previous Endoscopic Mucosal resection (EMR) / Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) in the esophagus.
4. Subjects currently undergoing or subject that had previous ablative therapy within the esophagus (e.g., Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), Multipolar Electrocoagulation (MPEC), Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC), laser treatment, radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
5. Presence of esophageal stricture preventing passage of the endoscope or investigational catheter .
6. Active esophagitis.
7. Esophageal or gastric varices.
8. Subject diagnosed with portal hypertension.
9. Subject diagnosed with Liver cirrhosis.
10. Presence of severe bleeding or severe inflammation in the area-of-interest.
11. Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents that cannot be discontinued 5 days prior to the procedure
12. Active systemic infection or malignancy.
13. History of esophagectomy
14. History of locally advanced (>T1a) esophageal cancer treated endoscopically/by chemoradiotherapy.
15. Subjects with known coagulation conditions (e.g. uncontrolled coagulopathy)
16. Concurrent chemotherapy.
17. Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of childbearing potential and not using an adequate contraceptive method.
18. Any disorder, which in the investigator's opinion might jeopardize participant's safety or compliance with the CIP .
19. Patient refusal or inability to provide written informed consent.
20. Known history of unresolved drug or alcohol dependency that would limit ability to comprehend or follow instructions, uncontrolled psychiatric illness (including recent inpatient psychiatric treatment, psychosis, moderate to severe depression, illicit substance abuse) or any psychiatric diagnosis which in the opinion of the investor would preclude participation in the study.
21. Concurrent enrollment in an investigational drug or device trial that clinically interferes with study endpoints.
22. Subject that is unwilling or unable to comply with study visits and other study procedures as required per protocol.

All information concerning this study that was not previously published is considered confidential information. This confidential information shall remain the sole property of Digma Medical Ltd.; it shall not be disclosed to others without written consent of Digma Medical Ltd. and shall not be used except in the performance of this study (see also Clinical Trial Agreement). Any investigator involved with this study is obligated to provide the Sponsor with complete test results and all data derived from the study.