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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine | OTHER |
| Global Health Research and Medical Interventions Institute (GlohMed), Nepal | UNKNOWN |
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Chest X-ray is historically being used as an imaging standard to aid to the diagnosis of childhood pneumonia, however, the evidence does not support it as a perfect imaging tool. As an alternative to CXR, lung ultrasound (LUS) could be used as the imaging of choice in children and studies have demonstrated its good accuracy to diagnose childhood pneumonia. However, most diagnostic studies have used CXR as a reference standard.
In absence of a 'gold standard' approach, there is a risk that large proportion of children with pneumonia and severe pneumonia could be 'missed' if clinicians relied on LUS only.
This research aims to evaluate the diagnostic benefit of LUS in children compared against 'gold standard' diagnosis which is derived based on the clinical information, imaging and laboratory investigations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chest imaging | Experimental | Single arm study that evaluates the role of LUS in diagnosing pneumonia in children. All participants receive LUS scans followed by CXR as chest imaging intervention. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LUS as a chest imaging tool | Diagnostic Test | Each study participant receives LUS scan followed by CXR as chest imaging modality. LUS is the diagnostic test under investigation, compared against clinical gold standard (described later). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pneumonia missed by LUS | Proportion of children with any pneumonia (severe or non-severe) that would be missed by LUS at initial presentation | From enrolment until day-5 follow up |
| Pneumonia missed by CXR | Proportion of children with any pneumonia (severe or non-severe) that would be missed by CXR at initial presentation | From enrolment until day-5 follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic accuracy of LUS | Sensitivity and specificity of LUS for pneumonia diagnosis in children, compared against 'Gold standard' diagnosis adjudicated by expert paediatrician panel after reviewing all available clinical information about the child during study time frame | From enrolment to day-5 follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of 'missed pneumonia' cases with adverse clinical outcomes | List of adverse clinical outcomes and their measures:
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Suraj Bhattarai, MBBS, MSc, DTM&H | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine/ Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siddhi Memorial Hospital | Bhaktapur | Bagmati | Nepal |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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Lung ultrasound followed by chest X-ray in all enrolled participants as chest imaging investigation
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Care provider performing LUS scans are masked of CXR report and clinical information about he participant, other than the case has WHO defined pneumonia
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| Diagnostic accuracy of CXR |
Sensitivity and specificity of CXR for pneumonia diagnosis in children, compared against 'Gold standard' diagnosis adjudicated by expert paediatrician panel after reviewing all available clinical information about the child during study time frame |
| From enrolment to day-5 follow up |
| From day of enrolment to day-5 follow up |