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This cross-sectional observational study aims to compare trunk mobility, lower extremity flexibility, and functional balance performance across different sports branches in adolescent elite male athletes. Trunk mobility will be assessed using a digital inclinometer in flexion, extension, and rotational movements; hamstring flexibility will be evaluated using the Straight Leg Raise test; and functional balance will be measured using the normalized Y-Balance Test. The study seeks to identify sport-specific biomechanical characteristics and potential indicators related to injury risk and performance adaptations in adolescent competitive athletes.
Adolescent elite athletes are exposed to sport-specific mechanical loading patterns that may lead to adaptations in trunk mobility, flexibility, and dynamic balance control. These biomechanical characteristics may differ between sports branches due to variations in postural demands, training volume, movement strategies, and neuromuscular control mechanisms. Understanding inter-sport differences may contribute to performance optimization and preventive rehabilitation approaches in youth athletics.
This study is designed as a cross-sectional, observational, and multi-group comparative investigation including elite adolescent male athletes from different sports branches. All participants will undergo standardized clinical and biomechanical assessments. Trunk mobility will be measured using a digital inclinometer in flexion, extension, and rotation at the lumbosacral and thoracolumbar regions. Hamstring flexibility will be assessed using the passive Straight Leg Raise test, and functional balance will be evaluated using the Y-Balance Test composite score normalized to limb length.
The primary objective of the study is to compare functional balance performance across sports branches. Secondary objectives include comparing trunk mobility and hamstring flexibility measures and examining potential associations among these biomechanical parameters. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence-based insight into sport-specific musculoskeletal characteristics and may support the development of targeted screening and injury-prevention strategies for adolescent elite athletes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wrestling Athletes | Elite adolescent male wrestlers. No intervention is administered; participants undergo standardized clinical and biomechanical assessments including trunk mobility (digital inclinometer), hamstring flexibility (Straight Leg Raise), and functional balance (Y-Balance Test). |
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| Sprint Athletes | Elite adolescent male sprint runners. No intervention is administered; the same standardized assessment protocol is applied, including trunk mobility, hamstring flexibility, and Y-Balance Test performance. |
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| Canoe/Kayak Athletes | Elite adolescent male canoe/kayak athletes. No intervention is administered; participants complete the same biomechanical assessment battery as the other cohorts. |
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| Taekwondo Athletes | Elite adolescent male taekwondo athletes. No intervention is administered; all assessments are performed using the standardized trunk mobility, flexibility, and functional balance testing protocol. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Clinical and Biomechanical Assessment | Other | No intervention is administered in this study. Participants only undergo standardized observational assessments, including trunk mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer, hamstring flexibility testing with the Straight Leg Raise test, and functional balance evaluation using the Y-Balance Test. No therapeutic or experimental procedures are applied. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Y-Balance Test Composite Score (%) | Dynamic functional balance performance assessed using the Y-Balance Test. Composite score is calculated from normalized anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach distances on the dominant limb. | Baseline (single assessment at study enrollment) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Trunk Mobility - Inclinometer Range of Motion (°) | Spinal mobility measured using a digital inclinometer in flexion, extension, and rotation at the lumbosacral and thoracolumbar regions. Values are recorded in degrees on the dominant side. | Baseline (single assessment at study enrollment) |
| Hamstring Flexibility - Straight Leg Raise Angle (°) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Elite adolescent male athletes aged 15-17 years from different sports branches (wrestling, sprint, canoe/kayak, and taekwondo). Participants are recruited from sports performance centers and evaluated using standardized trunk mobility, flexibility, and functional balance assessments.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| burcin ugur tosun | Contact | 00905077721772 | burcnugur@yahoo.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| burcin ugur tosun | Ministry of Youth and Sports, Olympic Preparation Center, Adana, Türkiye | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burcin Ugur Tosun | Recruiting | Famagusta | 99010 | Cyprus |
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Passive Straight Leg Raise test performed on the dominant lower extremity using a goniometer. The maximum tolerated angle is recorded in degrees. |
| Baseline (single assessment at study enrollment) |
| Body Composition (Descriptive Variable) | Body fat percentage | Baseline (single assessment at study enrollment) |
| Body Composition (body mass index) | body mass index obtained using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance device (profiling purpose only; not included as a primary outcome). | Baseline (single assessment at study enrollment) |