This study is a single-center, observational clinical trial designed to enroll a total of 70 pancreatic cancer patients. Tumor tissue sections from 60 patients will be retrospectively collected to establish a treatment response prediction model using spatial transcriptomics and other analyses. Fresh tumor tissue and blood samples from 10 patients will be prospectively collected to establish pancreatic cancer organoids and humanized immunocompetent mouse models for functional validation and exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Primary Objective: Based on a cohort of pancreatic cancer patients receiving combined chemotherapy with immunotherapy and targeted therapy, analyze tumor microenvironment characteristics through multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial transcriptomics. Identify key biomarkers associated with treatment efficacy and prognosis, and establish a clinically applicable predictive model for treatment outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing combined chemotherapy with immunotherapy and targeted therapy.

Secondary Objectives: Establish pancreatic cancer organoids and humanized immunocompetent mouse models to functionally validate the aforementioned efficacy prediction model and explore the molecular mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment modulates treatment response.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years or older
• Pathologically and radiologically confirmed pancreatic cancer

Exclusion Criteria:

• Active malignancy other than pancreatic malignancy within the past 5 years or concurrently

Pancreatic cancer confirmed by pathology and imaging studies

We currently have no plans to share individual participant data (IPD) with other researchers.