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This study is grounded in the regulatory mechanisms of the glymphatic system and applies repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical efficacy and safety of rTMS will be systematically evaluated. Furthermore, transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials (TMS-EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) will be employed to investigate, from the perspectives of synaptic plasticity and neurovascular coupling, the mechanisms by which rTMS influences glymphatic function. Collectively, this work aims to provide new insights into both the therapeutic effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms of rTMS in AD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| rTMS | Experimental |
| |
| sham rTMS | Sham Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rTMS | Device | Stimulation coil Cool-B65 A CO, positioning individualised, stimulation frequency 20Hz, stimulation intensity 100% of motor threshold, stimulation number 40 pulses/train, train interval 28s, 40 trains, 1600 total stimulation pulses, total stimulation time 20 min, treatment application once a day, continuous application for two weeks, 5 days a week.Consolidation therapy was also administered weekly for 6 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| MoCA Changes from baseline to post-treatment | Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) | Baseline vs 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CDR Changes from baseline to post-treatment | Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) | Baseline vs 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment |
| MMSE Changes from baseline to post-treatment | Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiaodong Pan | Contact | 13395080173 | panxd@fjmu.edu.cn |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rTMS | Recruiting | Fuzhou | Fujian | 350001 | China |
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| sham rTMS | Device | Stimulation coil Cool-B65 P CO, positioning individualised, stimulation frequency 20Hz, stimulation intensity 100% of motor threshold, stimulation number 40 pulses/train, train interval 28s, 40 trains, 1600 total stimulation pulses, total stimulation time 20 min, treatment application once a day, continuous application for two weeks, 5 days a week |
|
| Baseline vs 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment |
| NPI Changes from baseline to post-treatment | Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) | Baseline vs 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment |
| Neuropathological markers Change from baseline to post-treatment | Aβ, tau, GFAP, NFL, VEGF | Baseline vs 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment |
| TMS-EEG Changes from baseline to post-treatment | Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) | Baseline vs 2 weeks and 6 months after treatment |