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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022YFC3600204 | Other Grant/Funding Number | ministry of science and technology of the People's Republic of China |
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On the one hand, it helps to understand the motor development of preschool children, so as to provide early intervention means for the prevention of motor retardation and promote the healthy development of preschool children, and on the other hand, different motor intervention strategies are formulated according to the developmental characteristics of children with different core symptoms. It is of great academic value to verify the effectiveness of the program through empirical research on exercise intervention and promote the improvement of motor and cognitive development of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| typical development | No Intervention | This group consists of typically developing children aged 4-12 years. No intervention will be applied. The group will be used as a baseline for comparison and analysis of motor development and related health fitness indicators. | |
| Special Intervention Group | Experimental | This group includes children aged 4-12 years diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. Participants will receive a combined intervention consisting of traditional rehabilitation therapy and a structured, characteristic exercise program designed to improve motor development and core health-related fitness. |
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| General Intervention Group | Active Comparator | This group includes children aged 4-12 years diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. Participants will receive standard traditional rehabilitation therapy without the additional characteristic exercise intervention. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic Exercise Intervention | Behavioral | This intervention combines traditional rehabilitation techniques (e.g., occupational therapy and physical therapy focusing on fine and gross motor skills) with a structured, age-appropriate characteristic exercise program. The program includes dynamic balance training, sensory-motor integration activities, rhythmic movement games, and core stability exercises.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Gross Motor Development | Assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3), which evaluates locomotor and object control skills.The scoring ranges from the lowest score of 0 to the highest score of 104 points, and the higher the score, the better the level of motor development. | Baseline, Week 6 (midpoint), and Week 12 (post-intervention) |
| Change in Motor Coordination | Evaluated with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2), which measures manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance skills. | Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12 |
| Change in Health-Related Physical Fitness | Standing long jump (centimeters) | Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12 |
| Change in Health-Related Physical Fitness | Continuous two-foot jump (times) | Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12 |
| Change in Health-Related Physical Fitness | 10m shuttle run (seconds) | Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12 |
| Change in Health-Related Physical Fitness | Balance Beam Walk | Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12 |
| Change in Gross Motor Development | Assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3), which evaluates locomotor and object control skills. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in gait velocity (single task condition) | In single-task conditions, gait speed is measured using a plantar pressure system and reported in meters per second (m/s). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in step size (single-task condition) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yanfeng zhang, Ph. D | Contact | +8613641060197 | zhangyanfeng0310@126.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China Institute of Sport Science | Beijing | 100061 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Traditional Rehabilitation | Behavioral | Participants will receive conventional rehabilitation therapy, including basic motor skill exercises, postural control training, and therapist-led occupational therapy sessions aimed at improving daily motor function.
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| Baseline, Week 6 (midpoint), and Week 12 (post-intervention) |
In single-task conditions, step lengths were measured using a plantar pressure system and reported in centimeters (cm).
| Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gait Parameters and Dual-Task Cost | Gait parameters under single-task condition (e.g., gait speed, step length) measured in meters/second and centimeters using a plantar pressure system. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Working Memory | Description: Performance on a standardized computer-based working memory task. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in SDNN | Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) collected from ECG to assess overall heart rate variability. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gut Microbiota Composition and Inflammatory Markers（Changes in gut microbiota diversity） | Diversity of gut microbiota will be analyzed by stool samples (e.g., Alpha diversity index). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gut Microbiota Composition and Inflammatory Markers(Changes in the level of the inflammatory marker IL-6) | Blood samples will be analyzed for levels of the inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6), usually in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gut Microbiota Composition and Inflammatory Markers(Changes in TNF-α Levels, a Marker of Inflammation) | Blood samples will be analyzed for levels of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), usually in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gait Parameters and Dual-Task Cost(Changes in gait speed) | Gait speed is measured using a plantar pressure system and reported in meters per second (m/s) in a dual-task condition where cognitive tasks are performed. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gait Parameters and Dual-Task Cost(Changes in stride length) | Under the conditions of a dual-task situation involving cognitive tasks, measure the step length using a plantar pressure system, and report the result in centimeters (cm). | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Gait Parameters and Dual-Task Cost | Dual-task cost (percent) calculated as the relative difference between single-task and dual-task gait performance. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Inhibitory Control | Performance on a standardized computer-based inhibitory control task. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in Cognitive Flexibility | Performance on a standardized computer-based cognitive flexibility task. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in RMSSD | Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) collected from ECG to assess parasympathetic activity. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change in LF/HF Ratio | Low-frequency to high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF) derived from ECG spectral analysis to evaluate autonomic balance. | Baseline and Week 12 |