Music therapy has been reported to reduce analgesic and anesthetic requirements, but evidence in thoracic surgery remains limited. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the effects of different music types on hemodynamic stability and anesthetic consumption in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

After institutional ethics approval and written informed consent, 159 adult patients (ASA I-III) scheduled for elective thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Patients were randomized by sealed-envelope method into three groups: Group T (Sufi music), Group B (Classical Western music), and Group C (control, no music). Music was delivered via over-ear headphones from induction until the end of surgery. Sedation was evaluated using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS), and pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Hemodynamic variables, anesthetic agent consumption, and postoperative recovery parameters were recorded.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 and over,
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification I-III,
• No hearing acuity,
• Volunteer to participate in the study,
• Cooperative and oriented,
• No history of psychiatric illness and/or psychiatric medication use,

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who were under 18 years,
• ASA classification >III,
• had hearing loss,
• had a psychiatric diagnosis and/or were taking antipsychotic/antidepressant/mood stabilizer medications,
• were uncooperative (dementia, mental retardation, etc.),
• Major complications during the intraoperative or postoperative period, (respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, hypoxia, serious arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, etc.)
• Emergency surgery,
• had a history of alcohol or drug abuse,
• did not speak Turkish,
• did not consent to participate in the study.

All patients who will undergo thoracic surgery under general anesthesia and meet the criteria of being over 18 years of age