Effect of Scapular Retraction Exercises Versus McKenzie Method on CVA

Craniovertebral Angle and Neck Disability Among University Students With Forward Head Posture: A Comparative Study of Scapular Retraction Exercises Versus McKenzie Method

The goal of this quasi-experimental study is to compare the effectiveness of scapular retraction exercises versus the McKenzie method in improving craniovertebral angle (CVA), reducing neck pain, and minimizing neck disability among university students exhibiting forward head posture. The main question[s] it aims to answer [is/are]:

• Which of both exercises (scapular retraction or McKenzie method exercises) will be more effective in improvement craniovertebral alignment, alleviated pain, and decreased neck disability?

Group A performed scapular retraction exercises, while Group B practiced McKenzie method exercises. Both interventions were administered for 20 minutes, three times weekly over eight weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• University students with FHP
• Able to participate in exercise programs
• Free from severe musculoskeletal disorders or recent injuries

Exclusion Criteria:

• Students with contraindication to exercise,
• Individuals with neurological conditions affecting posture