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Effects of Neuromuscular Taping on Shoulder Pain and Function in Pitchers: A Clinical Trial
Randomized clinical trial 2 arms
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo group | Placebo Comparator | The placebo group will receive the same bandage, with the same strip arrangement, but without any tension (0%) applied to any of the strips. Furthermore, participants will not receive any instructions for muscle activation during application. This placebo technique has been used in previous studies, supporting its methodological validity. |
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| Experimental group | Experimental | The experimental group will receive neuromuscular taping with kinesiology tape, consisting of two longitudinal strips applied along the lower trapezius muscle, with a tension close to 100% of the tape's elastic capacity. During application, the participant will be asked to activate the scapular depressor and retractor muscles. Additionally, two more longitudinal strips will be applied from the anterior portion of the humeral head towards the scapular spine, also with a tension close to 100%. During this application, the participant will be asked to activate the rotator cuff by applying a posteroanterior push to the humeral head. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Other | The experimental group will receive a multilayer neuromuscular taping application using kinesiotape, consisting of the placement of two longitudinal strips in the direction of the lower trapezius, applied with tension close to 100% of the tape's elastic capacity. During the application, participants will be asked to activate the scapular depressor and retractor muscles. Additionally, two other longitudinal strips will be applied from the anterior portion of the humeral head toward the scapular spine, also with tension close to 100%. During this application, participants will be asked to activate the rotator cuff through a posteroanterior push of the humeral head. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Actual Pain Intensity | Pain intensity will be assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of pain experienced at the time of measurement | Baseline, after 30 minutes of the intervention and 72 hours after intervencion |
| Pain Intensity during the arm elevation | Pain intensity will be assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to rate the intensity of pain experienced during arm elevation. | Baseline, 30 minutes after intervention and 72 hours after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Static Scapular Position | Scapular position will be measured using an anterior/posterior scale. This static position will be recorded while standing, using a digital clinometer installed on a smartphone (Clinometer app). The inclinometer will be positioned directly over the scapular spine in the direction of the infraglenoid fossa. | Baseline, 30 minutes after intervention and 72 hours after intervention |
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Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Health Sciences | Soria | Soria | 42004 | Spain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020069 | Shoulder Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018771 | Arthralgia |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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Randomized clinical trial 2 arms
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participants and outcome assessors will be blinded
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| Placebo Group | Other | The placebo group will receive the same taping, with an identical arrangement of the strips, but without applying any tension (0%) to them. In addition, participants will not receive any instructions regarding muscle activation during the application. This placebo taping model has been used in previous studies, supporting its methodological validity. |
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| Range of Motion | Pain-free ROM during shoulder flexion, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation will be measured following the protocol described by Shin et al.Participants will be instructed to flex the affected arm as far as possible, keeping the thumb pointing toward the ceiling. For adduction measurement, the patient will be placed in the side-lying position, and the evaluator will manually stabilize the scapula against the patient's thorax, allowing the arm to hang horizontally in adduction. For internal and external rotation, participants will be positioned supine with the shoulder abducted to 90°, the elbow flexed to 90°, and the forearm in a neutral position. A rolled towel will be placed under the humerus to maintain shoulder alignment. Participants will be asked to rotate their arm until pain onset or until scapular movement is observed. Three attempts of each movement will be recorded, and the mean range of motion (ROM) will be used for statistical analysis. | Baseline, 30 minutes after intervention and 72 hours after intervention |
| Functional Capacity | Functional capacity will be assessed using the SPADI questionnaire. The SPADI is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess shoulder pain and functional disability. It consists of 13 items divided into two domains: pain and disability. The total score will be calculated by summing both domains and converting the result to a scale of 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate greater pain and disability. | Baseline, 30 minutes after intervention and 72 hours after intervention |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |