Pediatric patients undergoing peripheral vascular access with the use of a vascular imaging device. The intervention involves the application of real-time imaging guidance (e.g., near-infrared light or ultrasound) to facilitate successful and efficient cannulation.

Pediatric patients undergoing peripheral vascular access without the use of a vascular imaging device, relying on standard visual and palpation techniques.

The primary outcome measure is the time required to successfully establish peripheral vascular access, defined as the interval from the first needle insertion attempt to the confirmation of intravenous placement (e.g., blood return and/or free flow of saline). This metric will be recorded in seconds and compared between patients who receive vascular imaging assistance and those who do not.

The number of attempts refers to the total number of needle insertions required to achieve successful peripheral vascular access, with each attempt defined as a distinct skin puncture. An attempt is counted even if cannulation is not achieved. This outcome will be documented for each patient and compared between the group using vascular imaging devices and the group without such assistance.

The number of interventions refers to the total count of new skin entries made with the needle during peripheral vascular access attempts. Each distinct insertion of the needle through the skin, regardless of whether it occurs during the same cannulation effort or a subsequent repositioning, is recorded as a separate intervention. This metric will be used to assess procedural invasiveness and will be compared between patients who undergo vascular access with versus without vascular imaging device assistance