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This prospective cohort study aims to evaluate the effects of daily daytime power napping on sleep quality, depression, and perceived stress levels among healthy individuals. The study particularly investigates whether these effects differ between daytime workers and shift workers. Participants are required to practice a 15-20 minute (maximum 30 minutes) power nap daily for a period of six weeks. Changes in psychological and sleep parameters are assessed using the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), Beck Depression Scale (BDS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) before and after the intervention.
The study was conducted with 40 healthy volunteers (including 29 daytime workers and 11 shift workers) to analyze the impact of daytime napping on mental health and sleep hygiene.
Methodology: At the beginning of the study, participants' demographic information was collected, and baseline assessments were performed using the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS) for sleep patterns, the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) for depressive symptoms, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for stress levels.
Intervention: Participants were instructed to take a short nap (power nap) between 1:00 PM and 3:00 PM for daytime workers, or at suitable intervals for shift workers, every day for 6 weeks. The duration of the nap was strictly limited to 15-30 minutes to avoid sleep inertia.
Evaluation: After the 6-week intervention period, the same scales (JSS, BDS, and PSS) were administered as a post-test. The data were analyzed to compare the pre-test and post-test scores, with a focus on the differences in outcomes between different work schedules (shift vs. daytime). The study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Dicle University Social Sciences and Humanities Ethics Committee.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daytime Power Nap Group | Experimental | A group of 40 participants who are instructed to perform a 15-20 minute power nap daily for 6 weeks. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daytime Power Napping | Behavioral | The duration, effectiveness, and method of intervention in this area should be clearly stated: Duration Per Session: Each nap is planned to be between 15-20 minutes, and limited to a maximum of 30 minutes to prevent sleepiness (sleep inertia). Total Duration: The intervention is a 6-week process. Target Group: 40 healthy volunteers (including day and shift workers). Goal: To enhance the privacy of sleep in daily life, reduce virus spread, and decrease stress. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sleep Quality as measured by the Jenkins Sleep Scale | The JSS is a 4-item scale used to assess sleep problems, specifically focusing on difficulties falling asleep and maintaining sleep quality. Each item is scored on a 6-point Likert scale (0-20 total range). Higher scores indicate more sleep problems. | Baseline (Day 0) and at the end of the 6-week intervention period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Depressive Symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Scale (BDS/BDI) | The BDS consists of 21 questions designed to assess cognitive, somatic, and emotional symptoms of depression. Scores range from 0 to 63. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. | Baseline (Day 0) and at the end of the 6-week intervention period. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ökkeş Zortuk | Emergency Medicine Department, Defne Government Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| YeÅŸim Dersuneli, MSc | Clinical Psychology, MuÅŸ Alparslan University | Study Director |
| Özlem Tolan, PHd | Clinical Psychology, Dicle University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dicle University | Diyarbakır | Diyarbakar | 21000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31955278 | Background | Brown JP, Martin D, Nagaria Z, Verceles AC, Jobe SL, Wickwire EM. Mental Health Consequences of Shift Work: An Updated Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020 Jan 18;22(2):7. doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-1131-z. | |
| 20699115 | Background | Faraut B, Boudjeltia KZ, Dyzma M, Rousseau A, David E, Stenuit P, Franck T, Van Antwerpen P, Vanhaeverbeek M, Kerkhofs M. Benefits of napping and an extended duration of recovery sleep on alertness and immune cells after acute sleep restriction. Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Jan;25(1):16-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.08.001. Epub 2010 Aug 8. |
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To maintain participant confidentiality and comply with the institutional ethics committee's guidelines, individual participant data (IPD) will not be made publicly available. However, metadata and study results are reported within the manuscript.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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Daytime Power Nap Group
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|
| Change in Perceived Stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). |
The 10-item version of the PSS measures an individual's perception of stress in their current situation. It includes two sub-dimensions: "perception of inadequate self-efficacy" and "perception of stress discomfort". Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived stress. |
| Baseline (Day 0) and at the end of the 6-week intervention period. |
| 33462100 | Result | Juhola J, Arokoski JPA, Ervasti J, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Myllyntausta S, Saltychev M. Internal consistency and factor structure of Jenkins Sleep Scale: cross-sectional cohort study among 80 000 adults. BMJ Open. 2021 Jan 18;11(1):e043276. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043276. |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D009784 | Occupational Diseases |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |