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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Region Syddanmark | OTHER |
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In this project, a 10-session treatment program was developed aimed at young people who experience voice hearing. The treatment has potential to easily be implemented in everyday clinical practice in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and eventually in Educational Psychological Counselling (PPR) and the newly established STIME services (low-threshold municipal treatment offers for children and young people).
As part of the treatment, the young person's caregivers are involved. This means a high degree of involvement from adults who know the young person well and are part of their daily life.
In addition to traditional Compassion-focuced therapy (CFT), the treatment is expanded with an intervention where an audio file is recorded with content corresponding to the adolescent's voice hearing. The parents are invited to listen to the audio file while participating in a therapy session. This will help improve the caregivers understanding of the young person's experiences and challenges.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 sessions manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares | Experimental | 60 voice hearing patients age 13-18 years old 20 patients with first-episode schizophrenia age 18-21 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECHO Manualized CFT treatment for young voice heares | Behavioral | A manualized 10 session, intervention inspired by compassion focused therapy. A primary caretaker paticipates in 5 sessions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Interpretation and relationship with the voices | Psychotic symptoms are measured with: BAVQ-R (Beliefs about Voices Questionnaire - Revised) (Chadwick et al., 2000).( 35 items are rated (0-3) total minimum score 0, maximum score 105. Some scores indicate higher distress, while other indicate lower distress). | Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up. |
| Severity and phenomenological characteristics of voice hearing | PSYRATS AH (Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale Auditory Hallucinations) (Haddock et al., 1999). (11 items are rated (0-4) total minimum score 0, maximum score 44. Higher score being more severe) | Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up. |
| Perceived ability to control or influence the voices | The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales measures voluntary control over voices such as being able to intentionally influence the timing, frequency, or intensity of voice hearing experiences (Mourgues et al., 2022). (36 items are rated (1-7) total minimum score 36, maximum score 252. Higher scores indicate stronger perceived control over voices) | Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Social Cognition | Social cognition is tested with TASIT 2A DK (The Awareness of Social Inference Test) (McDonald et al., 2003). (60 items are rated, minimum total score 0, maximum score is 60. Lower score being more severe) | Social cognition is tested 3 months before treatment and right after |
| Subjective experience of feeling safe, accepted, and soothed in social relationships. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Primary caregivers | Factual information about the young person: Education, cohabiting or divorced parents, the young person's residence, family history of mental illness, diagnosis and medication of the young person | Before treatment |
| Additional questions |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maja K Musaeus, Psychologist | Contact | +4591543221 | maja@musaeus.eu | |
| Vibeke F Bliksted, Professor | Contact | vibeke.fuglsang.bliksted@rsyd.dk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Charlie Heriot-Maitland, Dr. | Balanced Minds | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychiatriatric Children and Youth Hospital | Esbjerg | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37578215 | Background | Heriot-Maitland C. Position paper - CFT for psychosis. Psychol Psychother. 2024 Mar;97(1):59-73. doi: 10.1111/papt.12490. Epub 2023 Aug 14. | |
| 2280326 | Result | Zimet GD, Powell SS, Farley GK, Werkman S, Berkoff KA. Psychometric characteristics of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674095. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006212 | Hallucinations |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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|
SSPS (Social safeness and pleasure scale) (Gilbert et al., 2009). (11 items are rated (1-5). Total minimum 11, total maximum 55. Lower score being more severe). |
| Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up |
| Compassion towards self. | SCS-SF (Self-Compassion Scale Short Form) (Raes et al., 2011; Neff et al., 2019) (12 items are rated (1-5) total minimum 12, total maximum 60. Lower score being more severe). | Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up |
| Subjective sense of interpersonal closeness and belonging | The Social Connectedness Scale Revised (Lee et al., 1995; Sabitelli et al., 2005). (8 items are rated (1-6). Total minimum score 8, total maximum score 48. Lower score being more severe). | Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up |
| Perceived availability and adequacy of social support | MSPSS (The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) (Zimet et al. 1988).(12 items are rated (1-7) total minimum 12, total maximum 84. Lower score being more severe). | Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up |
Additionally, questions are asked about how well you feel your parents understand you (e.g., do they know what motivates you and what scares you?) (Likert scale 1-10). Questions about daily stress, sleep, violence and abuse, well-being and quality of life, interaction with family and friends (from the "How are you?" survey among youth in the Central Denmark Region). Quality of life is measured with WHO-5.
| Data is collected 3 months prior to CFT treatment, immediately before the start of treatment, immediately after treatment is completed, and at 1 month follow-up |
| 30124303 | Result | Neff KD, Toth-Kiraly I, Yarnell LM, Arimitsu K, Castilho P, Ghorbani N, Guo HX, Hirsch JK, Hupfeld J, Hutz CS, Kotsou I, Lee WK, Montero-Marin J, Sirois FM, de Souza LK, Svendsen JL, Wilkinson RB, Mantzios M. Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychol Assess. 2019 Jan;31(1):27-45. doi: 10.1037/pas0000629. Epub 2018 Aug 20. |
| 21584907 | Result | Raes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2011 May-Jun;18(3):250-5. doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. Epub 2010 Jun 8. |
| Result | Gilbert, P., Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 2009. 15(3): p. 199-208. |
| 35089361 | Result | Mourgues C, Hammer A, Fisher V, Kafadar E, Quagan B, Bien C, Jaeger H, Thomas R, Sibarium E, Negreira AM, Sarisik E, Polisetty V, Nur Eken H, Imtiaz A, Niles H, Sheldon AD, Powers AR. Measuring Voluntary Control Over Hallucinations: The Yale Control Over Perceptual Experiences (COPE) Scales. Schizophr Bull. 2022 May 7;48(3):673-683. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab144. |
| Result | Woods, S. W., Parker, S., Kerr, M. J., Walsh, B. C., Wijtenburg, S. A., Prunier, N., Nunez, A. R., Buccilli, K., Mourgues-Codern, C., Brummitt, K., Kinney, K. S., Trankler, C., Szacilo, J., Colton, B.-L., Ali, M., Haidar, A., Billah, T., Huynh, K., Ahmed, U., Adery, L. L., Marcy, P. J., Allott, K., Amminger, P., Arango, C., Broome, M. R., Cadenhead, K. S., Chen, E. Y. H., Choi, J., Conus, P., Cornblatt, B. A., Glenthøj, L. B., Horton, L. E., Kambeitz, J., Kapur, T., Keshavan, M. S., Koutsouleris, N., Langbein, K., Lavoie, S., Diaz-Caneja, C. M., Mathalon, D. H., Mittal, V. A., Nordentoft, M., Pasternak, O., Pearlson, G. D., Gaspar, P. A., Shah, J. L., Smesny, S., Stone, W. S., Strauss, G. P., Wang, J., Corcoran, C. M., Perkins, D. O., Schiffman, J., Perez, J., Mamah, D., Ellman, L. M., Powers, A. R. III, Coleman, M. J., Anticevic, A., Fusar-Poli, P., Kane, J. M., Kahn, R. S., McGorry, P. D., Bearden, C . E., Shenton, M. E., Nelson, B., Calkins, M. E., Hendricks, L., Bouix, S., Addington, J., McGlashan, T. H., Yung, A. R., & The Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (2024). Development of the PSYCHS: Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 18(4), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13457 |
| 11040883 | Result | Chandwick P, Lees S, Birchwood M. The revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R). Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;177:229-32. doi: 10.1192/bjp.177.3.229. |
| 12802165 | Result | McDonald S, Flanagan S, Rollins J, Kinch J. TASIT: A new clinical tool for assessing social perception after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2003 May-Jun;18(3):219-38. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200305000-00001. |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |