This study aims to evaluate the real-world applicability and clinical added value of a new management pathway for patients presenting to the emergency department (ER) with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The pathway includes the use of the VIDAS® TBI in vitro diagnostic assay, which measures the blood biomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 within 12 hours of injury to determine whether a CT scan is necessary.

The study seeks to answer two primary questions:

1. Safety and effectiveness: Whether the VIDAS® TBI test can safely and accurately rule out the need for head CT in mTBI patients in routine emergency care.
2. Clinical and operational impact: Whether incorporating this test reduces the number of CT scans performed and shortens ER length of stay for patients with mild TBI.

To assess these outcomes, researchers will compare patient management using the new biomarker-based pathway to a historical cohort of mTBI patients who were managed without the biomarker test.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE To assess the applicability and added value of a new clinical management pathway for patients with mild TBI presenting to the emergency department (ER), including the use of an in vitro diagnostic assay measuring the biomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 in the serum, within the first 12 hours post-injury, to rule out the need for CT scan in mild TBI patients.

PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the VIDAS TBI (GFAP&UCH-L1) test in determining the need for CT-scan in patients with mild TBI admitted to the ER of Hospital 12 de Octubre.

To determine the safety of a management protocol including the use of the VIDAS GFAP&UCH-L1 test for patients with mTBI, in terms of complications or unforeseen neurological deterioration following the injury.

To estimate the reduction of CTs achieved using the biomarker test, by comparison with the management of TBI during the six months preceding the study (reference pathway).

METHODOLOGY The study will compare the different outcome measures between a historic group obtained 6 months before the initiation of the new management protocol and the group of patients admitted in the ER with a diagnosis of a mTBI after the initiation of the new bundle of care. Therefore the methodology of the study is an ambispective (or mixed) cohort study with historical controls.

The combined GFAP&UCH-L1 test has been included in the new bundle of care of mTBI for the management in the ER of all patients with mTBI. In summary the test will be performed to all patients with mTBI admitted to the ER of Hospital 12 de Octubre and included in the new management pathway of patients with mTBI incorporated in our hospital. All patients suffering a mTBI(GCS 15-13) and admitted within 12 hours of the TBI will be included in this pathway. If the patient is included in this pathway, the prescription of cranial CT will be performed following the results of the VIDAS TBI test if the patient has had a significant TBI and a GCS of 14 or 15. Those patients with GCS of 13 or a focal neurological deficit will receive both biomarkers and CT for their management during the study period. The VIDAS TBI test interpretation as defined by the manufacturer, bioMérieux, takes into account the responses of the two biomarkers: the VIDAS TBI test is negative if the two markers GFAP and UCH-L1 are negative (below the previously defined threshold concentration for each of the biomarkers). The test is positive if at least one of the two GFAP or UCH-L1 biomarkers is positive (beyond the threshold concentration). This test is already CE marked and has already been tested on a large number of European patients and has demonstrated good safety and reliability profiles.

STUDY POPULATION Mild TBI patients with significant brain trauma admitted in the ER of Hospital 12 de Octubre

NUMBER OF SUBJECTS The implementation study will last for 6 months. The number of patients that are normally treated for this pathology is around 3000 patients each year. During the 6 months of the study around 1000 patients will at least be triaged for mild TBI EXPECTED IMPACT This study will demonstrate the feasibility of using a bundle of care based on the determination of blood-based brain biomarkers in the management of patients with mTBI, in a real-life setting. It will also determine the time needed for obtaining results of these blood derived biomarkers and if there is reduction in associated cost and CT prescription related to its use related to a historical control cohort.

Inclusion Criteria:

• -All adult patients suffering mild TBI:( Defined by at least criterion a) and d) and one or more of the other criteria)

  1. The presence of a plausible traumatic mechanism observed/or related by the patient´s recount of the injury event.
  2. Presence of one or more clinical signs attributable to brain injury: Loss of consciousness immediately following injury, alteration of mental status immediately following the injury, posttraumatic amnesia or any neurological abnormality.
  3. At least two acute symptoms related to the injury: feeling confused or disoriented, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vision problems, memory problems, emotional lability or irritability.
  4. a GCS between 15 and 13, at least 30 minutes after injury.

• Blood sample obtained ≤12 h after injury and ideally before any imaging prescription.

Exclusion Criteria:

• · GCS 3-12 on admission

  • Age Below 18 years
  • Time of injury unknown
  • Time to injury exceeding 12 hours
  • Primary admission for non-traumatic neurological disorder (e.g., stroke, spontaneous, intracranial hematoma)
  • Penetrating head trauma
  • Patient with mechanical ventilation from the trauma scene or prehospital management
  • Venipuncture not feasible

Mild traumatic brain injured patients admitted in the ER less than 12 hours after injury

Individual participant data (de-identified) that underlie the results reported in this study will be made available only upon request, after publication of the main results, to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal. Data will be shared in accordance with applicable ethical and regulatory requirements, and a data-sharing agreement will be required.

De-identified individual participant data will be available from 6 months to 5 years after publication of the study results, upon reasonable request. After this period, data availability cannot be guaranteed.

Access to de-identified individual participant data will be granted only upon reasonable request to researchers who submit a methodologically sound proposal and whose intended use is consistent with the study objectives and ethical standards. Requestors must sign a data-sharing agreement outlining conditions for data use, confidentiality, and prohibition of re-identification. Access will be limited to qualified researchers affiliated with recognized academic or clinical institutions.