Through longitudinal analysis of dynamic changes in DMN functional connectivity before and after sensory training intervention, combined with pain behavioral and functional improvement indicators, this study systematically reveals the central neural remodeling patterns in CNLBP and establishes an objective efficacy evaluation system based on multimodal imaging.

This phase of the research aims to elucidate the neuroplasticity mechanisms induced by CNLBP treatment, providing a theoretical basis for the future development of personalized rehabilitation protocols based on brain network subtypes, ultimately achieving the clinical goals of reducing pain recurrence rates and improving long-term prognosis in patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 and 60 years old;

  • Current or past low back pain lasting more than three months; ③ No abnormal sensation or reflex abnormalities in the lower limbs; ④ Able to commit to participating in training three times per week for three months.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Fractures, dislocations, structural abnormalities, prior surgery, metal implants, or lumbar disc herniation;

  • Comorbidities such as severe cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, osteoporosis, or metabolic diseases; ③ Low back pain caused by visceral diseases;

    • VAS score (range 1-10) exceeding 8 points;

      • Pregnant or lactating women; ⑥ Symptoms of nerve root irritation; ⑦ Recent participation in core stability training.

All patients were assigned numbers from 1 to 40. Starting at any row and column in a random number table, 40 random numbers were sequentially recorded in correspondence with the patient numbers. The random numbers were then ranked in ascending order, with ranks 1-20 assigned to the experimental group and ranks 21-40 to the control group. All patients continued to receive conventional treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation therapy.