The control group received conventional telephone follow-up. Specifically, at 1 week and 3 weeks after discharge, ward follow-up nurses who had undergone standardized training conducted the follow-up using a pre-established checklist. The telephone calls covered pain intensity, location, medication usage, and adverse drug reactions.

Prior to discharge, a nurse instructed patients on using the cloud-based follow-up platform. Patients then reported outcomes weekly via the platform using the PROMIS-29 profile. The system automatically monitored this data against preset thresholds; any exceedance triggered an alert to the care team for immediate assessment. Based on the reported data, the system also pushed personalized education on pain management and medication. Follow-up calls provided further guidance, including on non-pharmacological techniques to complement analgesic therapy.

The intervention featured proactive monitoring of PRO data with threshold-based alerts, coupled with personalized patient education via the cloud and follow-up calls, to enhance timely care and self-management.

Use the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity, with scores ranging from 0 to 10, where a higher number indicates more severe pain.

Morisky questionnaire on medication adherence, with scores ranging from 0 to 8; a higher score indicates better medication adherence.