Comparison between Pilates exercises and aerobic exercises in primary dysmenorrhea

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition among young women and is characterized by painful menstrual cramps that may interfere with daily activities and quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions, particularly therapeutic exercises, have been recommended as safe and effective approaches for managing menstrual pain. Among these interventions, Pilates exercises and aerobic exercises are widely used; however, comparative evidence regarding their relative effectiveness remains limited.

This study is designed as a comparative interventional trial to evaluate and compare the effects of Pilates exercises versus aerobic exercises on pain severity and quality of life in females with primary dysmenorrhea. Eligible participants will be allocated into two intervention groups.

Participants in Group A will undergo a structured Pilates exercise program conducted three sessions per week for eight weeks. Each session will include controlled movements focusing on core stability, flexibility, breathing control, and muscle strengthening, with a total session duration of approximately 30 minutes.

Participants in Group B will receive a supervised aerobic exercise program performed three sessions per week for eight weeks. The aerobic sessions will consist of rhythmic and continuous movements designed to improve cardiovascular endurance, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes.

Both interventions will be delivered under standardized conditions, and participants will be instructed to maintain their usual daily activities throughout the study period. Assessments will be conducted before the start of the intervention and after completion of the eight-week exercise program to evaluate changes in menstrual pain severity and quality of life.

The findings of this study aim to provide evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of Pilates and aerobic exercises in the management of primary dysmenorrhea and to support the selection of appropriate exercise-based interventions for improving pain and quality of life in affected women.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Females diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea
• Age between 18 and 25 years
• Regular menstrual cycle (28-35 days)
• Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m²

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of any acute or chronic pelvic pathology
• History of regular exercise participation (≥3 days per week, average 30-45 minutes per day)
• Participation in structured physical activities such as swimming, running, or fitness center training
• Inability to perform exercise
• Unwillingness to participate in the study

The study involves a small number of participants, and there is no plan to share individual participant data to ensure privacy and confidentiality.

Participants and instructors are not blinded.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Females with Primary dysmenorrhea
2. Age between 18 to 25 years
3. Having regular menstrual cycle of 28 - 35 days
4. Individual with BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Acute or chronic pelvic pathology
2. Subjects having any history of regular exercises 3days/week [daily average 30-45 min]
3. Attending physical activity like swimming, running or fitness center
4. Who cannot perform exercise
5. Not willing to participate