This research will test whether a resilience training program can help parents of children with Down syndrome feel more accepting of their child and experience less caregiving burden.

Parents who care for a child with Down syndrome often face stress and emotional challenges. Building psychological resilience-the ability to adapt and recover from stress-may improve how parents cope and relate to their children.

The study will include about 50 parents of children with Down syndrome. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:

Experimental group: Receives the resilience training program.

Control group: Receives usual care.

Study phases

Before the program: Parents complete questionnaires that measure their resilience, their acceptance or rejection of their child, and their caregiving burden.

During the program: Parents in the experimental group attend a structured resilience training program based on their expressed needs.

After the program: The same questionnaires are repeated immediately after the program and again at a follow-up to see if any changes last.

The research hypothesis is that parents who take part in the resilience training will show higher acceptance, lower rejection, and reduced caregiving burden compared with parents who receive usual care.

This study will provide evidence on whether resilience training is a helpful, practical, and safe way to support families raising a child with Down syndrome.

This quasi-experimental study will evaluate the effectiveness of a resilience training intervention on parental acceptance/rejection and caregiving burden among parents of children with Down syndrome.

Design

A non-randomized, controlled, pretest-posttest, repeated-measures design will be used. Approximately 50 parents will be allocated into an experimental group and a control group, based on availability and willingness to participate. Measurements will be taken at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at follow-up.

Study Phases

Phase 1 - Needs assessment and program development

Assess baseline resilience, parental acceptance/rejection, and caregiving burden.

Develop and implement a tailored resilience training intervention based on identified needs.

Phase 2 - Evaluation

Evaluate the intervention's effect on parental acceptance/rejection.

Evaluate the intervention's effect on parental caregiving burden.

Intervention

The experimental group will receive a structured resilience training program designed to enhance coping skills, positive reframing, and stress management. The control group will continue with usual care during the same period.

Sample Size and Power

The required sample size was calculated a priori using G*Power 3.1.9.7 for a repeated-measures ANOVA (within-between interaction) with two groups and three time points.

Assuming a medium effect size (Cohen's f = 0.25), α = 0.05, power = 0.95, correlation among repeated measures = 0.50, and nonsphericity correction ε = 1.0, the analysis indicated 44 participants (22 per group).

To account for about 10% attrition, 50 participants (25 per group) will be recruited.

Expected Outcome

It is hypothesized that the resilience training will increase parental acceptance and reduce rejection and burden compared with usual care, despite the non-random allocation. Findings may guide family-centered mental-health programs for parents of children with Down syndrome.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Biological parent (mother or father) of a child (birth to 3 years old) diagnosed with Down syndrome.
• Age 18 years or older.
• Able to read and understand the study questionnaires and provide informed consent.
• Willing to attend all resilience training sessions (for the experimental group).
• parents who are not responsible for caring of any other patients in the family

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of severe mental illness (e.g., psychosis) or cognitive impairment that would hinder participation.
• Current enrollment in another structured psychological or parenting program aimed at resilience or acceptance.
• Any acute medical condition preventing attendance of the sessions.