Neurophysiological, Autonomic, and Sonographic Assessment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Neurophysiological, Autonomic, and Sonographic Assessment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy causes pain, sensory loss, and foot risk; multimodal assessment enables earlier diagnosis and improved patient management.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and disabling complication of diabetes, associated with pain, sensory deficits, gait instability, and increased risk of foot ulcers and amputation. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as nerve conduction studies, primarily identify established disease and may overlook early or autonomic involvement. A multimodal assessment integrating neurophysiological, autonomic, and sonographic techniques offers the potential for earlier detection, improved diagnostic accuracy, and optimized patient management.

Inclusion Criteria:

Adults aged 18-75 years with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (with or without diabetic peripheral neuropathy), and age and sex-matched healthy controls

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other causes of neuropathy (e.g., CIDP, trauma, toxins, vitamin deficiencies), advanced renal failure,thyroid disease,chronic alcohol use, pregnancy,
• presence of implanted cardiac devicesthat may interfere with autonomic testing