The present study showed that a reduction of approximately 56% in CML consumption promoted a 30% reduction in this blood biomarker. This effect was associated with increased fiber intake and reduced consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol, in addition to a positive linear correlation with lipid peroxidation, body water, and dPFGAs. This represents a potential benefit, given that these factors favor insulin resistance (IR) and vascular endothelial injury, and consequently, the processes of diabetes and atherosclerosis. Thus, reducing the daily consumption of CML in the diet, combined with preparing foods at lower temperatures, constitutes a potentially protective nutritional intervention in the context of diabetes and, especially, vascular health, with a plausible impact on the prevention of cardiometabolic complications. It is worth noting that future research for analyses of total PFGAs, specific PFGAs such as pyrraline and pentosidine, and with dPFGAs, and/or studies involving a table of dietary PFGA composition with foods of Brazilian origin are necessary due to their importance in the public health context in Brazil. Furthermore, the need for long-term studies on restricting PFGA consumption is highlighted.

Inclusion Criteria: Men and women, aged between 55 and 65 years, diagnosed with T2DM, CAD, and overweight or obesity were included.

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Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with the following diagnoses were excluded: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, eating disorders such as binge eating, depression, and/or anxiety. In addition, patients who were eutrophic, with a body mass index (BMI) were excluded. Smokers, patients who consumed alcoholic beverages, used nutritional supplements, or had a plant-based dietary pattern were also excluded. Likewise, patients who were participating in other research protocols or who did not complete and sign the informed consent form (ICF) were excluded.