Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Effect of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors on Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

The work aimed to compare the effects of Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-diabetic CKD.

Glucose reabsorption is mediated by the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2, which reabsorbs 90% of glucose, and SGLT1, which reabsorbs the remaining 10%.

The relationship between hyperglycaemia and the development of renal disease is complex. Hyperglycaemia-induced complications are mediated by several metabolic pathways, among which accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-products with abnormalities of the glycosylation of macromolecules and increased glucose flux through the polyol pathway seem to be the most important.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Both sexes.
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) participants with stages 3 and 4.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).
• Patients with decompensated Chronic liver disease.
• Patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
• Patients with blood pressure (BP) > 110/70.
• Patients already on the same medication (Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors).
• Patients with a history of recurrent or recent urinary tract infection (UTI).
• Patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤10.
• Adult polycystic kidney disease.
• All patients on immunosuppressive medications.