Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Sanidad de Castilla y León | OTHER |
| Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain | OTHER_GOV |
| Fundación General Universidad de Valladolid | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Introduction: Menopause is associated with body composition change, an increase in the cardio-metabolic risk factor for oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that regular physical training is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to reduce oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic disorders in menopausal individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of twelve weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and concurrent (Conc) and on body composition, cardio-metabolic indices and oxidative stress in sedentary obese postmenopausal women.
Materials and methods: Forty-five menopausal obese women voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned into three groups: a) HIIT (6-12×60s of high intensity training (85-95% HRMax) and then running for 60 seconds with low intensity (55-60% HRMax)), b) concurrent endurance (performed on training with 55-75% HRMax) and strength training (including two sets in eight exercise stations with 55-75% 1RM)) and c) control group. Training programs were done for twelve weeks, 3 times per week. Body composition, cardio-metabolic indices and oxidative stress markers were measured before and after twelve weeks of exercise training program.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| high-intensity interval training (HIIT) | Experimental | The HIIT group performed treadmill or overground running/walking intervals consisting of 60 s at 90-95% of maximal heart rate (HRmax), interspersed with 60 s of active recovery at 55-60% HRmax (40) HRmax was estimated individually using the Tanaka et al. equation (41) (HRmax = 208 - 0.7 × age), which has been validated in middle-aged women. Session duration ranged from approximately 25 to 35 min (excluding warm-up and cool-down). |
|
| Concurrent Training (CONC) | Experimental | The CONC program integrated resistance and aerobic exercise within a single, periodized session designed to elicit both muscular and cardiovascular adaptations. Resistance component: Participants performed three sets per exercise targeting major muscle groups (leg press, chest press, seated row, shoulder press, leg curl, and abdominal crunch) with 1 min rest between sets. Training intensity progressed from 55% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) for 10-15 repetitions in week 1 to 75% 1RM for 8-12 repetitions by week 12. To ensure appropriate load progression, 1RM was reassessed every three weeks. Perceived exertion was recorded (Borg 6-20 scale), maintaining RPE 13-15 ("somewhat hard") to confirm compliance with relative intensity. Aerobic component: Participants completed 20 min of treadmill running or brisk walking, progressing from 55% HRmax in week 1 to 75% HRmax in week 12, in accordance with the protocol of Kargarfard et al. (44) and consistent with the concurrent training framework |
|
| Control Group | Sham Comparator | Participants assigned to the CG were instructed to maintain their usual daily routines and to refrain from engaging in any structured exercise or new physical activity programs during the 12-week intervention period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Interval | Behavioral | HIIT consisted of alternating high- (90-95 % HR_max) and low-intensity (55-60 % HR_max) aerobic bouts |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Concentration Malondialdehyde (MDA) (nmol/mL) | Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly reactive compound and a key biomarker for oxidative stress, formed primarily from the breakdown (peroxidation) of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, indicating cellular damage | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) | Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) measures the overall ability of antioxidants in your blood (serum) to neutralize harmful free radicals, reflecting your body's defense against oxidative stress, a key factor in aging and diseases | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Concentration Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) (pg/mL) | Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), also known as CCL2, is a vital CC chemokine that acts as a powerful signal, attracting monocytes, macrophages, and T cells to sites of inflammation, infection, and tissue injury in the body, playing a key role in innate immunity and various inflammatory diseases | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index | Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple calculation using your height and weight to estimate body fat | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| % Body Fat |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
sedentary obese postmenopausal women
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Diego F Fernández Lázaro, Vice Dean and Professor | University of Valladolid | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid Soria Campus, Soria, Soria 42004 | Soria | 42004 | Spain |
It is withheld due to intellectual property rights, to avoid duplication, fear of criticism, time/resource limitations, or to ensure exclusive credit for the initial findings.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
Not provided
Not provided
parallel-group randomized controlled
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| concurrent training | Behavioral | combined aerobic and resistance exercises |
|
| Control Group | Behavioral | usual daily routines |
|
Body fat percentage is the proportion of your total body weight that is fat, not muscle, bone, or water, calculated as (Total Fat Mass / Total Body Mass) x 100
| first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Waist circumference (WC) | Waist circumference (WC) is a simple body measurement around your midsection (between the lowest rib and hip bone) used as an indicator of abdominal fat (visceral fat) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| hip circumference (HC) | Hip circumference (HC) is a key body measurement of the fullest part of your hips and buttocks | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| waist-hip ratio (WHR) | The Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) is a simple measurement dividing your waist circumference by your hip circumference, showing how fat is distributed, especially around your midsection (belly). | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| total cholesterol (TC) | Total Cholesterol (TC) is a blood test measuring all cholesterol in your blood, to assess heart disease risk, with healthy levels generally below 200 mg/dL (or 5.0 mmol/L) | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Concentration Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl) | Triglycerides are a common type of fat (lipid) in your blood, serving as the body's main way to store energy from food | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Concentration High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) (mg/dl) | High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is known as the "good" cholesterol because it helps remove bad cholesterol from your body by transporting it back to the liver for removal | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Concentration Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) (mg/dl) | Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is often called "bad cholesterol" because high levels build up as plaque in your arteries, narrowing them and increasing your risk for heart attacks and strokes, even though high LDL levels usually have no symptoms | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) | he Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is a key indicator of cardiovascular risk, calculated as the log ratio of triglycerides (TG) to HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (Log(TG/HDL-C)), reflecting impaired lipid metabolism and inflammation | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Serum insulin | Serum insulin refers to the amount of the hormone insulin circulating in your blood | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) | HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) is a calculation that uses your fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels to estimate how resistant your body's cells are to insulin. | first day of study and after 80 days of exercise training program (end of study) |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D009142 |
| Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |