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This study aims to compare the acute effects on hypoalgesia of training to failure using blood flow restriction (BFR) with dynamic occlusion versus BFR with fixed occlusion in patients with severe gonarthrosis. Two different training conditions will be performed with varying levels of blood flow occlusion (%BFR) and percentage of load (%RM): 1) 30% RM and 50% BFR with dynamic pressure; 2) 30% RM and 50% BFR with fixed pressure. Each participant will complete two individual sessions under different training conditions, randomly assigned with a 72-hour interval between sessions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise to failure under low load resistance with moderate blood occlusion and dynamic pressure. | Experimental | A single exercise session to failure, 30% of maximum repetition, 50% blood occlusion and dynamic pressure. |
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| Exercise to failure under low load resistance with moderate blood occlusion and fixed pressure. | Experimental | A single exercise session to failure, 30% of maximum repetition, 50% blood occlusion and fixed pressure. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-intensity resistance exercise to failure with moderate arterial occlusion pressure and dynamic pressure. | Device | A single quadriceps extension exercise at 30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with dynamic occlusion at 50% of limb occlusion pressure (LOP). The exercise protocol will consist of 4 sets to muscle failure with 30 seconds of rest between sets and a continuous level of occlusion. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity at rest (Visual Analogue Scale, 0-10) | Pain intensity perceived on a Visual Analogue Scale, at rest, being 0 no pain and 10 the worst pain imaginable. | Periprocedural |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pressure pain threshold | Pressure pain threshold measured in the middle deltoid (peripheral sensitivity) and tibialis anterior (central sensitivity), using an algometer | Periprocedural |
| Perceived exertion scale (The BORG CR10 Scale) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrián Escriche-Escuder, PhD | Contact | +34 963 98 38 55 | adrian.escriche@uv.es |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia | Recruiting | Valencia | Valencia | 46010 | Spain |
The data that support the findings of this study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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|
| Low-intensity resistance exercise to failure with moderate arterial occlusion pressure and fixed pressure. | Device | A single quadriceps extension exercise at 30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) with fixed occlusion at 50% of limb occlusion pressure (LOP). The exercise protocol will consist of 4 sets to muscle failure with 30 seconds of rest between sets and a continuous level of occlusion. |
|
The BORG CR10 Scale is a subjective tool used to measure the intensity of the perceived exertion of a person during an activity through a rate of perceived exertion (RPE). It is scored on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is no exertion and 10 is maximum exertion.
| Periprocedural |
| Occurrence of adverse effects | Occurrence of adverse effects (e.g., pain, delayed onset muscle soreness, sudden weakness of the trained limb, redness or swelling of the trained limb, etc.) by self-report. | Immediately after the intervention, 72 hours later, and two weeks after the study ended |
| Kinesiophobia (The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) | The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia is a questionnaire designed to assess fear of movement and avoidance of physical activity due to pain. It consists of 17 items answered on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree), measuring two main factors: fear of movement and activity avoidance. The total score ranges from 17 to 68 points, with higher scores indicating greater kinesophobia. | Before the intervention and at the end of the study |
| Pain catastrophizing | The Pain Catastrophizing Scale includes 13 items in total (0-52 points) that describe different thoughts and feelings associated with pain. The PCS consists of 5 grades: 0 not at all, 1 a little, 2 moderately, 3 a lot, and 4 always. The participant must mark their situation for each case. Higher scores correspond to higher levels of pain catastrophizing | Before the intervention and at the end of the study |
| Functional Measure (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) | The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is a questionnaire designed to assess pain, stiffness, and function in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. It consists of 24 items, divided into three subscales that assess pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), and physical function (17 items). Responses are given on a 0-to-4 Likert-type scale, where higher scores indicate greater impairment. | Before the intervention and at the end of the study |
| Number of Repetitions Performed | The number of maximum repetitions performed in each set will be assessed for each patient | Periprocedural |
| University of Valencia | Recruiting | Valencia | Valencia | Spain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020370 | Osteoarthritis, Knee |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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