The first group underwent traditional physical therapy exercises and physical therapy modalities for the operated lower extremity for 60 minutes a day, three days a week, for eight weeks.

The second group received the same traditional physical therapy modalities and exercises for 60 minutes a day, three days a week, for eight weeks, with an additional 15-minute BFR-LIRE session aimed at increasing the strength of the operated lower extremity and managing pain.

• NMES for 20 minutes
• Therapeutic (Continuous) Ultrasound for 6 minutes
• Cold Pack (CP) for 7 minutes
• Conventional Physical Therapy Exercises:

Stretching exercises targeting the quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscles were performed by the patient for 30 seconds of stretching followed by 30 seconds of rest, for a total of 3 sets. All stretching movements were supervised by a physiotherapist, and each stretch was performed up to the patient's pain threshold.

The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure the severity of pain felt by the patients in the knee region before and after treatment. VAS is an assessment tool that was first developed in the field of psychology and later began to be used in pharmacology to evaluate pain in rheumatology patients undergoing treatment. Patients are asked to mark the point that indicates their pain intensity on a 100 mm (10-centimeter) scale. An increase in the value indicates that the perceived pain intensity has increased. VAS is a scale that can be administered in a very short time and has high reliability.

The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), which is frequently used to assess fear of movement related to pain in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, was preferred in this study to evaluate participants' levels of fear and avoidance associated with movement. The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale has been conducted. The scale consists of 17 items scored on a Likert scale. Individuals can obtain a score between 17 and 68, and higher scores indicate a greater level of kinesiophobia. Participants were asked to complete the scale themselves by selecting one of the following options for each item: "strongly disagree," "disagree," "agree," or "strongly agree."

While measuring knee flexion and extension angles, patients were positioned supine as recommended by Clarkson et al. In measurements performed using a universal goniometer, the pivot point was placed on the lateral condyle of the femur, the stationary arm was aligned with the lateral midline of the femur, and the movable arm was aligned parallel to the fibula.

Muscle strength measurements were performed using a digital hand-held dynamometer, the "MicroFET2" (Hoggan Health Industries, Draper, UT), which has been shown to be valid and reliable in many studies. Knee extension (quadriceps) muscle strength, knee flexion (hamstring) muscle strength, and ankle plantar flexion (gastrocnemius) muscle strength were measured in accordance with the procedures described in the validity and reliability studies of the MicroFET2 device.