The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Administration on Superoxide Dismutase, Pulsatility Index and Resistance Index of Uterine Artery Doppler and Flow-Mediated Dilatation of Brachial Artery In Mothers With Hypertension In Pregnancy

The Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Administration on Superoxide Dismutase, Pulsatility Index and Resistance Index of Uterine Artery Doppler and Flow-Mediated Dilatation of Brachial Artery In Mothers With Hypertension In Pregnancy: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial

The purpose of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effect of hydroxytyrosol 10 mg/day administered for 4 weeks in pregnant individuals with hypertension. This study will assess whether hydroxytyrosol increases serum superoxide dismutase levels, reduces uterine artery Doppler pulsatility and resistance indices, and improves brachial artery flow-mediated dilation.

Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either hydroxytyrosol or a matching placebo. Both products will be visually identical to ensure blinding. Participants will take two capsules daily for 4 weeks and attend two study visits for assessments and follow-up.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Singleton pregnancy with a live intrauterine fetus

2. Gestational age 24-32 weeks. Gestational age is confirmed based on:

   • Last Menstrual Period (LMP)
   • First trimester ultrasound biometry

3. Belongs to the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy group, with the following criteria:

   • Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia according to ACOG 2018 criteria
   • Chronic hypertension according to ACOG 2019 criteria
   • Superimposed preeclampsia according to ACOG 2018 criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy with infection, including chronic infections such as tuberculosis (TB), HIV, or hepatitis B
2. Pregnancy with other complications (e.g., diabetes mellitus, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, malignancy, autoimmune disorders)
3. Refusal to participate in the study