This observational study aims to explore the relationships between vitamin D status and genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiles in patients with primary osteoporosis.

Eligible participants are adults who are newly diagnosed with primary osteoporosis at Yichang Second People's Hospital. Blood samples will be collected at the initial diagnosis to analyze gene expression, protein levels, and metabolic profiles.

Participants will receive standard clinical treatment according to routine care, but no additional research sampling or follow-up will be performed.

The study seeks to identify molecular patterns associated with osteoporosis and improve understanding of patient responses to therapy.

This observational study will enroll adults newly diagnosed with primary osteoporosis at Yichang Second People's Hospital.

Blood samples will be collected at the initial diagnosis for multi-omics analysis, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Clinical data, including bone mineral density, serum calcium, and vitamin D levels, will also be collected.

No additional research sampling or follow-up is planned after the initial visit.

Data analysis will focus on identifying molecular patterns associated with osteoporosis and potential biomarkers related to vitamin D status. All procedures will follow ethical guidelines and standard clinical practice.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Healthy controls: Adults aged ≥18 years, with normal bone mineral density (BMD) confirmed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), without a history of bone metabolic diseases, major organ dysfunction, or chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases.
2. Osteoporotic patients: Adults aged ≥18 years, newly diagnosed with primary osteoporosis according to clinical criteria (T-score ≤ -2.5 SD by DXA), without serious complications that may affect study results.
3. Participants willing and able to provide written informed consent and cooperate with study procedures, including blood and serum sample collection and clinical data recording.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with secondary osteoporosis, including but not limited to osteoporosis caused by hyperparathyroidism, tumors, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune diseases.
2. Individuals who have taken vitamin D supplements, anti-osteoporotic drugs, glucocorticoids, or other medications affecting vitamin D or bone metabolism within 3 months prior to enrollment.
3. Pregnant or lactating women, or individuals with mental disorders preventing cooperation with study procedures.
4. Individuals with acute infections, malignant tumors, or severe liver, kidney, cardiovascular, or cerebrovascular diseases that may affect study outcomes.
5. Participants with a history of blood transfusion within 1 month prior to enrollment or those unable to provide peripheral blood samples as required.

Participants will be recruited from the outpatient and inpatient population of Yichang Second People's Hospital, including adults newly diagnosed with primary osteoporosis as well as healthy adult volunteers. Blood and serum samples will be collected at the hospital laboratory for multi-omics analyses.

De-identified individual participant data including multi-omics datasets (transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic) and clinical measurements will be shared with qualified researchers upon reasonable request.

De-identified individual participant data and supporting information will be available to qualified researchers starting after publication of the primary study results and will remain available for at least 5 years.

De-identified individual participant data and supporting information will be accessible to qualified researchers who submit a reasonable proposal and agree to a data use agreement. Data will be shared electronically after approval of the request.