Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles due to ovarian follicle depletion, typically occurring after age 50, and is associated with decreased estrogen levels. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) involves early ovarian dysfunction before age 40, with infertility as a key concern. Both menopause and POI may contribute to psychological symptoms, including anxiety and depression, influenced by sociodemographic and health factors. While literature reports anxiety in middle-aged women, data on its association with menopausal timing are limited. This study aims to compare women with POI and those undergoing natural menopause after age 40, assessing the relationship between age at menopause, anxiety, and depression, as well as the impact of fertility expectations on psychological well-being in POI patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy women over 24 years of age who visited our hospital for routine outpatient check-ups, had been diagnosed with menopause, and had no history of psychiatric disorders before menopause.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiovascular diseases including hypertension
• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Morbid obesity
• Primary adrenal insufficiency
• Uterine fibroids
• Thyroid dysfunctions including Hashimoto thyroiditis and Grave's disease
• Hepatic dysfunctions
• Renal insufficiency
• Genetic disorders in chromosome constitution or karyotype analysis including monosomy X, trisomy X and gene mutations as BMP15, FMR I, POFIB, and GDF9
• Neurologic diseases
• Psychiatric disorders
• Autoimmune diseases or syndromes including Addison's disease, autoimmune syndromes, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and familial Mediterranean fever
• History of any malignancy
• History of exposure to chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy
• Individuals with a history of chronic or regular medication use that could cause anxiety or depression symptoms
• Individuals with a personal history of psychiatric disorders
• Individuals with a history of depression in the past 6 months.

Eligible: Female participants only. This study specifically includes women who have undergone menopause, as well as women diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Not Eligible: Male participants and individuals who do not identify as female.

A total of 136 participants were included in the study, of whom 83 were in the menopause group and 53 in the primary ovarian insufficiency group.

IPD are available which may be shared in necessary conditions.