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Introduction: The effect of intravenous beta-blockers on the extent of the necrotic area, after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), for acute myocardial infarction is not well established.
Purpose: The present study aims to investigate, whether the early intravenous administration of landiolol, a highly cardioselective b-blocker, reduces the extent of the necrotic area after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: This prospective observational cohort study will enroll patients presenting with STEMI, who undergo primary PCI and receive either intravenous landiolol or standard oral β-blocker therapy, in accordance with current European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines. Eligibility will be determined by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment selection will be based solely on the clinical judgment of the attending cardiologist, without randomization.
Results: Final infarct size will be quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) performed at least three months after the STEMI to minimize edema-related overestimation. Myocardial function will be assessed during hospitalization using transthoracic echocardiography, including measurement of global longitudinal strain (GLS). Additional data will include serial high-sensitivity troponin and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) measurements, 24-hour continuous electrocardiographic monitoring for arrhythmia burden, and predefined safety outcomes collected throughout hospitalization.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous BB (receiving landiolol) or p.o. BB | STEMI patients receiving beta-blocker |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Infarct Size (CMR) | This measurement represents one of the two co-primary outcomes of the study. Infarct size will be quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and expressed in grams. CMR will be performed at least 3 months after the myocardial infarction to minimize the influence of myocardial edema. | CMR will be done at least 3months after the myocardial infarction. |
| Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) | This measurement represents one of the two co-primary outcomes of the study. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain will be assessed by transthoracic echocardiography during hospitalization to evaluate myocardial systolic function. | Within the first 5 days after acute myocardial infarction. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Arrhythmia burden | Arrhythmia burden will be quantified from continuous telemetry monitoring during the first 24 hours after PCI. The arrhythmia burden will be expressed as a composite index integrating the following components obtained from the same monitoring period:
|
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All patients diagnosed with STEMI presenting to Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki will be evaluated for eligibility.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athina Nasoufidou, MD, MSc, PhDc | Contact | (+30) 2313236344 | athinanassi@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nikolaos Fragakis, Professor fo Cardiology, PhD | Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki | Recruiting | Thessaloniki | Thessaloniki | 546 42 | Greece |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40806838 | Background | Nasoufidou A, Bantidos MG, Stachteas P, Moysidis DV, Mitsis A, Fyntanidou B, Kouskouras K, Karagiannidis E, Karamitsos T, Kassimis G, Fragakis N. The Role of Landiolol in Coronary Artery Disease: Insights into Acute Coronary Syndromes, Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography. J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 23;14(15):5216. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155216. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072657 | ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009203 | Myocardial Infarction |
| D017202 | Myocardial Ischemia |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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| First 24 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention |
| Biomarkers of myocardial injury - Peak hs-Troponin I (ng/mL) | Serial measurements of hs-troponin concentrations will be performed. Hs-troponin will be measured in ng/ml. Reported summary measure will include the peak value from the scheduled samples. Samples are obtained as part of routine clinical care and analyzed by the site laboratory. | At the diagnosis of STEMI, and subsequently at 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. |
| Safety Outcome - Number of participants with Cardiogenic shock | Number of participants who develop cardiogenic shock during hospitalization, defined as sustained hypotension accompanied by clinical or laboratory evidence of end-organ hypoperfusion and requiring initiation of inotropic support. | From admission until hospital discharge (up to 10 days). |
| Safety Outcome - Number of participants with Symptomatic bradycardia / conduction abnormalities | Number of participants with new or worsened symptomatic bradycardia (heart rate <55 bpm with symptoms) or new conduction disturbances (e.g., new second- or third-degree AV block), documented by ECG or telemetry. | From admission until hospital discharge (up to 10 days). |
| Safety Outcome - Number of participants with Hypotension | Number of participants who develop hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg, as recorded in observations. | From admission until hospital discharge (up to 10 days). |
| Safety Outcome - Number of participants with recurrence of myocardial infarction or angina | Number of participants with documented recurrent myocardial infarction or recurrent ischemic chest pain (angina) requiring medical evaluation or intervention. | From admission until hospital discharge (up to 10 days). |
| Safety Outcome - Number of participants with new or worsened Heart Failure | Number of participants who develop sudden worsening of chronic heart failure (HF) or new-onset HF with congestion requiring therapy or prolongation of hospital stay. | From admission until hospital discharge (up to 10 days). |
| Safety Outcome - Number of participants with cardiovascular death (In-Hospital Cardiovascular Mortality) | Number of participants with cardiovascular death occurring during the hospitalization, defined as death resulting from acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, progressive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, death due to cardiovascular procedures (e.g., PCI complications), or death from other confirmed cardiovascular pathology such as aortic dissection, acute valvular failure, or pulmonary embolism. | From admission until hospital discharge (up to 10 days). |
| Biomarkers of myocardial injury - Area under the curve for Creatine phosphokinase (ng·h/mL) | Area under the curve for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) calculated using the trapezoidal rule from serial CPK measurements. | Baseline to 72 hours. |
| Biomarkers of myocardial injury - Area Under the Curve for hs-Troponin I (ng·h/mL) | Area under the curve calculated using the trapezoidal rule from serial hs-Troponin I measurements. Samples are obtained as part of routine clinical care and analyzed by the site laboratory. | Baseline to 72 hours. |
| Biomarkers of myocardial injury - Peak creatinine phosphokinase (U/L) | Serial measurements of creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations will be performed. CPK will be measured in U/L. Reported summary measure will include the peak value from the scheduled samples. Samples are obtained as part of routine clinical care and analyzed by the site laboratory. | At the diagnosis of STEMI, and subsequently at 1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. |
| D014652 |
| Vascular Diseases |
| D007238 | Infarction |
| D007511 | Ischemia |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009336 | Necrosis |