GROUP A: will be treated with resistive inspiratory muscles training along with posture correction exercises

GROUP B: will be treated with Resistive expiratory muscles training along with posture correction exercises

GROUP C: will be treated with Combined resistive inspiratory and expiratory muscles training along with posture correction exercises

Resistive Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) will be implemented using a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer, which requires patients to inhale through a one-way valve that provides adjustable resistance. The training sessions will begin with patients sitting comfortably in an upright position to optimize lung function. They will be instructed to take a deep breath, ensuring their diaphragm engages fully, and then inhale through the device, which will resist airflow, thereby increasing the workload on the inspiratory muscles. Initially, the resistance will be set at a level that is challenging yet achievable, with the aim to gradually increase resistance as the patient's strength and endurance improve. Each session will last 30 minutes, consisting of intervals of resisted inhalation followed by brief rest periods. Patients will perform 3 sets of 10 breaths with appropriate breaks in between. The training will be conducted 3 times per week,

The Dyspnoea-12 (D-12), particularly evaluates both the physical and emotional components of dyspnea, was created to provide a quick, reliable assessment that is applicable to a wide range of cardiorespiratory conditions. Twelve items on the D-12 measure dyspnea on a four-point scale from none to mild, moderate, and severe. The physical domain is the sum of the scores for the first seven items, which range from 0 to 21. The affective domain scores, which range from 0 to 15, are the sum of the remaining five items. The D-12 total scores, which range from 0 to 36, are the sum of the twelve items. Severity can be determined by higher scores.

The test provided significant evidence of assessing characteristics such as construct validity, internal consistency, and structural validity in the Norwegian-language D-12

The tape measure is a conventional instrument used to assess chest expansion. It measures circumferentially at predetermined spots on the chest wall. Assuring that the underlying soft tissues have not been compressed will assist in helping the tape conform to the chest wall. (24) A tape is used at two distinct rib cage positions to quantify chest expansion. Three anatomical landmarks for thoracic expansion will be the angle of Louis on sternum, xiphoid process of mid chest expansion, midpoint between the xiphoid process and umbilicus for lower chest expansion.

Measurements of chest expansion performed with a tape on the upper and lower thoracic levels have a strong relationship and exhibit good intra- and inter-rater reliability and consistency.

One of the common objective methods for evaluating head posture is the measurement of craniovertebral (CV) angle. It is the angle formed when a line drawn horizontally through the seventh cervical (C7) vertebra's spinous process and a line connecting it to the tragus of ear.

Radiographic measurements play a crucial role in assessing cervical spine alignment in the sagittal plane by evaluating the relative positions of the vertebrae and joints

The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) will be used to evaluate the quality of life in all participants. It is expected to serve as a straightforward and effective tool for assessing the health status of Thai COPD patients. The CAT consists of eight questions that address various aspects of the disease, including dyspnea, cough, sputum production, wheezing, fatigue, sleep disturbances, limitations in daily activities, social life, emotional well-being, and a sense of control. The CAT score ranges from 0 to 40, with the following classifications: a score of <10 indicates a low impact on health status, 11-20 indicates a moderate impact, 21-30 indicates a high impact, and >30 indicates a very high impact on health status.