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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| U1111-1332-0257 | Registry Identifier | WHO- Universal Trial Number |
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The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the adjunctive effects of heat therapy and contrast therapy when combined with the Otago exercise program in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome aged 18 to 40 years. The study aims to assess whether these interventions can help reduce pain and swelling, improve knee range of motion, and decrease functional limitations associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Researchers will compare two groups one receiving heat therapy with the Otago exercise program and the other receiving contrast therapy with the Otago exercise program to see which approach provides greater improvement in outcomes. Participants will undergo regular supervised sessions that include the assigned thermal therapy and a structured set of Otago exercises targeting lower limb strength, balance, and mobility.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group: Heat therapy with Otago exercises | Experimental | Heat Therapy:
Otago Exercise Program:
Routine Physical Therapy (Medial Patellar Mobilization):
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| Active Experimental Group: Contrast therapy with Otago exercises | Active Comparator | Contrast Therapy:
Otago Exercise Program:
Routine Physical Therapy (Medial Patellar Mobilization):
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat therapy+Otago exercise program | Other | Heat therapy is a non-surgical technique being recognized for its application in knee pain management. HT enhances blood flow, alleviates pain, and aids tissue repair. It have been effective in knee osteoarthritis but have yet to be fully explored for the treatment of PFPS. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Swelling | Measured by a tape (Girth measurement) | 4 Weeks |
| Pain Intensity | Assessed by using the NPRS scale. 0-4 scored as No pain to mild pain 5-7 scored as Moderate pain 8-10 scored as Severe pain | 4 Weeks |
| Range Of Motion | Measured by a universal goniometer. | 4 Weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Functional limtations | The Oxford Knee Score (OKS), knee pain severity and functional capacity using a scoring system from 0 (most severe impairment) to 48 (full function and no pain). | 4 Weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Participants having age group between 18 and 40 years with anterior, retropatellar, or peripatellar pain with at least severity of 3/10 on the numerical pain rating scale.
Participants who have reported anterior knee pain for at least three months during at least two of the following activities: seating for prolonged periods of time; ascending and descending stairs; squatting; running and jumping, or have had experienced crepitus (popping, or crackling) while walking or running, pain on palpation, insidious pain lasting at least two months.
Positive patellar compression and Grind tests.
Clinical evidence of lateral patellar tracking, given its established role in patellofemoral joint dysfunction.
Pain produced by at least two of the following four tests: (i) isometric muscle contraction with a mild bent knee, (ii) patellofemoral joint line palpation, (iii) compression of patella against the femur and (iv) active resisted knee extension were enrolled in the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
Pain lasting less than three months, previous knee operations, meniscal lesions, patellar instability (subluxation/dislocation), clinical evidence of tendinopathy or ligamentous injury, fractures or dislocations involving the pelvis, spinal surgical history, osteoporosis, pregnancy, neurological diseases or radiological findings of chondromalacia beyond grade 2 on MRI, ultrasound, or X-ray.
Recent participation in lower-limb rehabilitation or structured training within six weeks, or prior diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or other rheumatic knee disorders.
Use of NSAIDs in the preceding four weeks, prior history of cancer, infection, psychiatric conditions, cognitive impairment, autoimmune pathology, or neurological dysfunction likely to interfere with walking ability.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital | Lahore | Punjab Province | 57000 | Pakistan |
Will be shared after research publication
6 months
Researcher, Layman,
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| Contrast therapy+ Otago exercise program | Other | Contrast therapy (CT), a commonly used thermal treatment, is gaining attention as a non-invasive option for managing knee pain. By alternating between heat and cold, CT helps stimulate circulation, reduce swelling, and ease joint stiffness. While it has shown benefits in other knee conditions, its potential role in treating patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is still not well established. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D046788 | Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome |
| D000084462 | Hyperthermia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D001832 | Body Temperature Changes |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D018882 | Heat Stress Disorders |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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