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The purpose of this study is to determine if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to angular gyrus (AG) will improve negative symptoms and/or other psychosis symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) patients compared with prefrontal cortex (PFC) or sham.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| AG TMS | Experimental |
| |
| PFC sham | Sham Comparator |
| |
| AG Sham | Sham Comparator |
| |
| PFC TMS | Active Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMS | Device | A wire coil is held on the scalp. Brief electrical currents are passed through the coil and create one or more magnetic pulses that stimulate the brain. For each TMS session, bursts of 3 pulses at 50 Hz are repeated at 5 Hz as a train for 2seconds. The inter-train interval is 8 seconds. There are 20 trains lasting 192 seconds (600pulses) per session. The intensity of TMS stimulations is set to 80-120% of resting motor threshold(RMT). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in blood-brain barrier (BBB) water exchange rate at AG obtained from MRI scan | baseline (before treatment visit 1), midpoint (after treatment visit 10; about 2 weeks from baseline), and end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Negative symptoms as assessed by the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) | It includes 13 items across 6 domains: blunted affect, alogia, asociality, anhedonia, avolition, and lack of normal distress. Each item is scored from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more severe negative symptoms. The total score ranges from 0 to 78. | at baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xiaoming Du, PhD | Contact | 443-882-9717 | Xiaoming.Du@uth.tmc.edu | |
| Keiko Kunitoki | Contact | (713) 486-2700 | Keiko.Kunitoki@uth.tmc.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Xiaoming Du, PhD | The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston | Recruiting | Houston | Texas | 77030 | United States |
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| sham | Device | Participants will receive total of 2 s of theta burst sham stimulation (TBS) trains repeated every 10 s for a total of 20 cycles (600 pulses). No actual magnetic stimulation will occur, still participant hears the TMS sound and a skin sensation |
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| Change in Positive symptoms as assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) | It includes 30 items rated from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme) across three subscales: Positive Symptoms (7 items; score range 7-49) Negative Symptoms (7 items; score range 7-49) General Psychopathology (16 items; score range 16-112) The PANSS Total Score ranges from 30 to 210, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms. Change | at baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Cognitive function as assessed by Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS): Symbol Coding | Participants are asked to match symbols to numbers according to a key as quickly and accurately as possible within 90 seconds. Scores reflect the total number of correct responses, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Working memory as assessed by the Number Span test | The Number Span test evaluates working memory capacity by requiring participants to recall sequences of numbers in the same order (forward span) and/or reverse order (backward span). Scores represent the total number of correctly recalled sequences, with higher scores indicating better working memory performance. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Working memory as assessed by the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition (WMS-III): Spatial Span | Participants observe a series of blocks tapped by the examiner and are asked to reproduce the sequence in the same order (Spatial Span Forward) and reverse order (Spatial Span Backward). Scores are based on the number of correctly reproduced sequences, with higher scores indicating better spatial working memory performance. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Cognitive function as assessed by the Category Fluency Test: Animal naming (Fluency) | participants are asked to name as many animals as possible within 60 seconds. The score is the total number of correct, non-repeated animal names, with higher scores indicating better semantic fluency. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Cognitive function as assessed by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test | Participants are asked to copy a complex geometric figure and later reproduce it from memory after a delay. Scores are based on the accuracy and placement of figure components, with higher scores indicating better visuospatial and memory performance. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Cognitive function as assessed by the Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task | Participants view brief video clips of an actor expressing various emotions (e.g., happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, and neutrality) through facial expressions, vocal tone, and body language. Participants identify the emotion portrayed in each clip. Scores reflect the total number of correctly identified emotions, with higher scores indicating better emotion recognition ability. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Cognitive function as assessed by the Hinting Task | Participants read or listen to brief scenarios in which a character implies a desire or intention, and they must identify the underlying meaning. Scores reflect the total number of accurately interpreted hints, with higher scores indicating better theory of mind functioning. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Depression as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | The PHQ-9 is a 9-item self-report questionnaire that measures depressive symptom severity over the past two weeks. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day), yielding a total score range of 0-27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Depression as assessed by the Calgary Depression Scale | Total score of the Calgary Depression Scale will be reported and ranges from 0 to 27, with a higher score indicating greater depression. | t baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and at the end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Resting state functional connectivity between AG and PFC assessed by functional MRI (fMRI) | at baseline (before treatment visit 1), midpoint (after treatment visit 10; about 2 weeks from baseline), and end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Activity level (number of steps per day) as assessed by smart wristwatch | from baseline (before treatment visit 1) through end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Location (number of unique places visited)as assessed by smart wristwatch | from baseline (before treatment visit 1) through end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Sleep (number of hours slept per day) as assessed by smart wristwatch | from baseline (before treatment visit 1) through end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Speech (pitch, intonation, pause) as assessed by video recording of speech | baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in facial expression (neutral, positive, and negative facial features) as assessed by video recording of speech | baseline, after treatment visit 10 (about 2 weeks from baseline), and end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Electrophysiological responses as indicated by mismatch negativity as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) | Mismatch negativity values will be reported in microvolts (uV). Mismatch negativity is measured by subtracting the averaged response to a set of standard stimuli from the average response to deviant stimuli, and taking the amplitude of this difference in a given timepoint. | baseline (before treatment visit 1) and end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |
| Change in Electrophysiological response as indicated by steadystate auditory evoked responses from electroencephalography recording (EEG) | Steady-state auditory evoked responses will be reported. The responses are measured by calculating the ratio of the power at target frequency over power at the surrounding background frequencies. The ration will be obtained in a given timepoint. | baseline (before treatment visit 1) and end of acute treatment (after treatment visit 20; about 4 weeks from baseline) |