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This clinical study aims to investigate whether a single flowable composite resin system can achieve adequate color matching in posterior restorations and to compare it with a polychromatic composite system, which will serve as a control group. Clinical success will also be assessed using data obtained from the initial, six month, one-year, two-year, three-year, four-year, and five-year recall checks of the four different composite resin systems used in the study over a five-year period. L, a, and b parameters will be determined using the Vita Easyshade Compact (VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) Spectrophotometer device used in the study at the initial, half-year, one-year, two-year, three-year, four-year, and five-year intervals. Based on the obtained data, intraoral color changes will be determined using the CIEDE2000 color system. Each patient will be scanned with an intraoral scanner at each session. The hypothesis tested was that color matching and long-term clinical follow-up would be successful for all composite materials used in the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Three posterior caries lesions will be separated into three monochromatic dental composite groups | Other | Treatment of posterior caries lesions. Three of the carious lesions in the posterior four caries teeth will be separated into three groups according to material strategies described below: 1-monochromatic bulk without pigment flowable composite Omnichroma Flow Bulk (tokuyama dental) , 2-monochromatic bulk flowable composite Charisma Bulk Flow One (Kulzer), 3- monochromatic flowable composite Clearfil Majestyâ„¢ ES flow-low (Kuraray), |
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| One posterior caries lesion will be separated into one polychromatic dental flowable composite | Other | Treatment of posterior caries lesion. One of the carious lesions in the posterior four caries teeth will be separated according to the material strategies used for Grandio SO flowable polychromatic dental composite (Voco) as a control group |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dental composite | Device | Overview: Four composite resin systems will be evaluated in posterior Class II restorations for color matching ability and clinical performance over 5 years. A polychromatic composite serves as the control; three single-shade/flowable or bulk-fill composites constitute the intervention arms. Isolation and preparation: All restorations will be performed under rubber dam using standardized cavity preparation and finishing/polishing protocols. Adhesive and etching: A single adhesive approach will be used across arms per manufacturer's instructions (self etch). Placement: Control (polychromatic): Layered placement per manufacturer. Single-shade/flowable/bulk-fill arms: Incremental or bulk placement within 2-5 mm as recommended. Light curing: Light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing units at 1200 mW/cm² for 20 s per increment; distance and angulation standardized. Assessment and follow-up: Baseline, 6 months, and annually up to 5 years. Color measured with Vita Easyshade |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical acceptability of restorations according to FDI criteria | Restorations will be evaluated by a blinded assessor using the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria across functional, esthetic, and biological domains. Clinical acceptability is defined as FDI scores 1-3. The primary analysis will report the proportion of clinically acceptable restorations and the trajectory of scores over time. | 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Color difference (ΔE00) using the CIEDE2000 system | objective color measurements will be obtained with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Compact, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany). L*, a*, b* values will be recorded on the restoration and adjacent tooth surfaces at each follow-up. Color difference will be calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE00). Clinical acceptability will be defined by a predefined threshold (e.g., ΔE00 ≤ 1.8), and both mean ΔE00 and the proportion of clinically acceptable cases will be reported. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| safa tuncer, Phd DDs | Contact | +905336342450 | tuncers@istanbul.edu.tr |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36504246 | Background | Hickel R, Mesinger S, Opdam N, Loomans B, Frankenberger R, Cadenaro M, Burgess J, Peschke A, Heintze SD, Kuhnisch J. Revised FDI criteria for evaluating direct and indirect dental restorations-recommendations for its clinical use, interpretation, and reporting. Clin Oral Investig. 2023 Jun;27(6):2573-2592. doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04814-1. Epub 2022 Dec 12. |
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IPD will not be shared due to patient confidentiality and institutional/data protection policies; aggregated results will be available in publications.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003731 | Dental Caries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017001 | Tooth Demineralization |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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split-mouth
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| 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years |