This study aims to investigate the effects of different balance training programs (dynamic, static, combined dynamic and static) on the stability, jumping skills, and gymnastic movement skills of female university students who are beginners in gymnastics. Participants will be randomly divided into four groups: the first group will receive dynamic balance training (including exercises that maintain balance during movement); the second group will receive static balance training (including exercises that hold a fixed posture); the third group will receive combined dynamic and static balance training (including both static and dynamic balance exercises); and the fourth group will serve as a control group without additional balance training (or receive regular physical education classes as a control). The main outcomes to be measured before and after the training period are the participants' performance in specific stability tests, jumping tasks, and gymnastic movement skill assessments. The goal is to determine which balance training method (dynamic, static, or combined training) is most effective in improving the fundamental movement skills (including gymnastics-specific abilities) of gymnastics beginners.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Females
2. Age ranged between 18 -22 years old, normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5 -25kg/m²).
3. Undergraduate students of physical education at Beijing Sport University.
4. No prior systematic gymnastics training (or with ≤ 1 year of systematic training experience), and no history of congenital diseases or musculoskeletal injuries.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participants suffering from acute or chronic musculoskeletal injuries (lasting for 6 months or more), neurological disorders (such as epilepsy), or vestibular dysfunction.
2. Ranked athletes or elite athletes.
3. Participants with poor compliance (< 80%) who are unable to complete the 8 - week exercise intervention program.
4. Individuals who have recently undergone or are scheduled to undergo surgery within three months.