Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Thoracic surgery is known to be one of the most painful types of surgery. If acute postoperative pain is not properly managed, there is a high risk that it may develop into clinically significant chronic pain within six months after surgery, which can seriously affect quality of life. According to research on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS), using multimodal pain management strategies can significantly reduce postoperative pain and decrease reliance on pain medications. This study aims to investigate whether combining transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation therapy with conventional pain management can further enhance pain relief and improve recovery outcomes.
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of three postoperative analgesic strategies in patients undergoing lesion resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Under standard postoperative care protocols, patients will be randomized into three groups: (1) conventional pharmacologic analgesia alone, (2) conventional analgesia combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and (3) conventional analgesia combined with both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS). The primary outcomes include the assessment of acute postoperative pain intensity, blood inflammatory biomarkers, health-related quality of life, and the incidence of postoperative complications. This investigation seeks to determine whether adjunctive use of neuromodulatory techniques such as TENS and TEAS can enhance analgesic efficacy and improve postoperative recovery profiles.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | Participants receive standard postoperative analgesia according to institutional protocol. |
|
| TENS Group | Experimental | Participants receive standard postoperative analgesia combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) |
|
| TENS + TEAS Group | Experimental | Participants receive standard postoperative analgesia combined with both transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Analgesia | Drug | Postoperative analgesic medications administered according to standard clinical practice and hospital guidelines |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Pain Intensity Assessed Using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Pain intensity will be assessed using a 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS), where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." | Within 48 hours after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Inflammatory Markers | Blood inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), will be calculated using complete blood count (CBC) parameters. NLR increases are commonly interpreted as indicators of elevated systemic inflammation, whereas decreases in LMR may reflect enhanced inflammatory activity or physiological stress following surgery. These ratios will be assessed at multiple perioperative time points to evaluate changes in inflammatory response. The relationship between postoperative pain levels, clinical recovery, and changes in NLR and LMR will be analyzed to determine whether inflammatory activation is associated with greater postoperative pain or adverse outcomes. Units of measure are expressed as ratios (NLR, LMR). |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital | Taipei | Hualien | 97002 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30768461 | Background | Edwards DA, Hedrick TL, Jayaram J, Argoff C, Gulur P, Holubar SD, Gan TJ, Mythen MG, Miller TE, Shaw AD, Thacker JKM, McEvoy MD; POQI-4 Working Group. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Perioperative Management of Patients on Preoperative Opioid Therapy. Anesth Analg. 2019 Aug;129(2):553-566. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004018. |
Not provided
Not provided
Because it is still underway, I will share it after the research is completed.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Dec 2, 2025 | Dec 2, 2025 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) | Device | Non-invasive electrical nerve stimulation therapy applied to specific areas to reduce postoperative pain |
|
| Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation (TEAS) | Device | Electrical stimulation applied to specific acupuncture points through the skin to enhance analgesic efficacy and modulate autonomic function. |
|
| Within 48 hours after surgery |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used to evaluate participants' psychological status during the perioperative period. The scale consists of 14 items, with 7 items assessing anxiety (HADS-A) and 7 items assessing depression (HADS-D). Each item is scored from 0 to 3, yielding subscale scores ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater levels of anxiety or depression. Changes in HADS-A and HADS-D scores will be analyzed to determine postoperative psychological responses and the potential impact of different analgesic interventions. | At baseline (preoperative), and after surgery 6 and 48 hours later |
| Prot_000.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Oct 19, 2025 | Oct 19, 2025 | SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Jun 6, 2024 | Apr 25, 2025 | ICF_002.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004561 | Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004599 | Electric Stimulation Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000698 | Analgesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |
Not provided
Not provided