This observational study aims to evaluate the association between long-term cholecystectomy and the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in adult patients. The study will assess the prevalence and severity of hepatic steatosis in individuals who underwent cholecystectomy several years earlier and compare clinical, metabolic, and biochemical parameters to identify potential risk factors. The goal is to determine whether cholecystectomy contributes to metabolic alterations that increase the likelihood of MAFLD in the long term.

Inclusion Criteria:

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Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients less than 18 years old.
2. Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m2
3. Patients with chronic renal failure.
4. Patients with liver cirrhosis.
5. Patients with acute liver dysfunction.
6. Breast feeding and pregnancy.
7. patients have done cholecystectomy less than 5 years ago.

Adult patients (≥18 years) who have undergone cholecystectomy at least 5 years prior to enrollment, with no known chronic liver diseases other than metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Participants will be recruited from outpatient gastroenterology clinics and will provide informed consent before enrollment. Both male and female patients will be included.