Liposomal Irinotecan, Capecitabine and Enlonstobart With Short-Course Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Liposomal Irinotecan, Capecitabine, and Enlonstobart Combined With Short-Course Radiotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Single-Center, Single-Arm Study

This is a prospective, single-center, single-arm study evaluating the combination regimen of liposomal irinotecan, capecitabine, and enlonstobart combined with short-course radiotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age of 18-75 years old;
2. rectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by histology and/or cytology;
3. locally advanced rectal cancer cT3-4 or N+ confirmed by baseline examination (AJCC/UICC TNM staging (8th edition, 2017);
4. Distance from lower margin to anal margin ≤ 10 cm;
5. Patients with at least one assessable lesion according to RECIST1.1 criteria;
6. ECOG 0-1;
7. the expected survival time was more than 12 months;
8. had not received anti-tumor treatment for rectal cancer after diagnosis, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, etc.
9. Bone marrow function: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×10^9/L, hemoglobin ≥90g/dL, platelet (PLT) ≥100×10^9/L, white blood cell (WBC) ≥3.0×10^9/L;
10. Liver function: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤2.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), if there is liver metastasis ≤5×ULN, total bilirubin <1.5 ULN;
11. Renal function: serum creatinine (Cr) ≤1.5×ULN or creatinine clearance (CCr) ≥60mL/min (according to Cockcroft-Gault formula);
12. Coagulation function: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) ≤1.5×ULN;
13. exclude active or suspected infection;
14. non-pregnant or lactating women; Women/men of childbearing age should use effective contraception during the study and for 6 months after the end of study treatment;
15. The patients had good compliance, understood the research process of this study, and signed the written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patients with other malignant tumors (except cured carcinoma in situ and basal cell carcinoma) in the past 5 years;
2. patients with mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or microsatellite instability high (MSI-H);
3. obvious clinical bleeding symptoms or obvious bleeding tendency within 3 months before treatment (bleeding > 30 mL within 3 months, hematemesis, melena, hematochezia), hemoptysis (fresh blood > 5 mL within 4 weeks), etc. Or treatment for a venous/venous thrombotic event within the previous 6 months, such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attack, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction), deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism; Long-term anticoagulation with warfarin or heparin or long-term antiplatelet therapy (aspirin ≥300 mg/ day or clopidogrel ≥75 mg/ day) may be required.
4. extensive distant metastasis (e.g., peritoneal metastasis, multiple bone/brain metastases);
5. patients who had used potent CYP3A4 inducers at the same time within 3 weeks before the first dose, or had used potent CYP3A4 inhibitors or potent UGT1A1 inhibitors within 3 weeks before the first dose;
6. patients who underwent major organ surgery (excluding needle biopsy, central venous catheterization, port catheterization, stent placement to relieve biliary obstruction, percutaneous hepatobiliary drainage, cholecystostomy) or elective surgery within 4 weeks before treatment;
7. tumor invasion of large vascular structures, such as pulmonary artery, superior vena cava or inferior vena cava, and there is a high risk of bleeding according to the investigator's judgment;
8. Active heart disease (including myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina) within 6 months before treatment. Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 50% and the arrhythmia was not well controlled.
9. have hypertension that is not well controlled with antihypertensive medication (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg);
10. subjects with active infection or fever of unknown origin >38.5 degrees during screening or before the first dose of medication (according to the investigator's assessment, subjects with fever due to cancer could be enrolled);
11. subjects with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, such as HIV infection or active hepatitis (transaminase did not meet the inclusion criteria, hepatitis B reference: HBV DNA≥1000 IU/ml; hepatitis C reference: HCV RNA≥1000 IU/ml); Chronic hepatitis B virus carriers, HBV DNA < 2000 IU/ml, must receive antiviral therapy at the same time during the trial.
12. any other medical condition, clinically significant metabolic abnormality, physical examination abnormality, or laboratory abnormality where there is reason to suspect that the patient has a disease or condition (such as having seizures requiring treatment) that would be inappropriate for the study drug, in the investigator's judgment, or that would affect interpretation of the study results or place the patient at high risk;
13. intestinal obstruction (except incomplete intestinal obstruction requiring only enteral nutrition); Subjects at risk of intestinal perforation (including, but not limited to, a history of acute diverticulitis, abdominal abscess, or abdominal cancer); (14 ) History of wide bowel resection (partial colectomy or wide small bowel resection with chronic diarrhea), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or chronic diarrhea.

(15) Has received any other antibodies/drugs (including PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, OX40, CD137 inhibitors, etc.) acting on T cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathway.

(16) patients with CTCAE 5.0 grade ≥ 3 immune-related adverse events (AE) after immunotherapy.

(17) patients receiving glucocorticoid (prednisone >10mg/ day or equivalent dose of other drugs of the same kind) or other immunosuppressive therapy for some condition within 14 days before the first dose of the drug.

(18) participated in other clinical investigators within 4 weeks before enrollment; (19) a documented history of allergy to study drugs, including Enlonstobart, capecitabine, liposomal irinotecan, and any component of the drug; (20) pregnant or lactating female subjects; Patients deemed by the investigator to be ineligible for trial participation.