This study aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium-based solutions spraying on teeth to evaluate the reduction of cariogenicity through a randomized clinical trial. In the randomized clinical trial, fifteen children will be assigned to placebo, formula 1 (0.3% calcium), or formula 2 (0.3% calcium plus 225 ppm fluoride) groups of oral sprays for two months. Plaque bacterial composition, salivary calcium levels, and the cariogenicity area before and after the usage of sprays will be evaluated.

Calcium has been proposed as an alternative for promoting remineralization of dental caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium-based solutions spraying on teeth to evaluate the reduction of cariogenicity through a randomized clinical trial. In the randomized clinical trial, fifteen children will be assigned to placebo, formula 1 (0.3% calcium), or formula 2 (0.3% calcium plus 225 ppm fluoride) groups of oral sprays for two months. Plaque bacterial composition will be analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, salivary calcium levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the cariogenicity area by quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF).

Inclusion Criteria:

Required participants to have an ICDAS code ≥ 1 and ≤ 3 as determined by a clinician.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient has received caries removal and restoration.
2. Patient has received fluoridation within 3 months.
3. The parents do not agree to participate in the study.
4. Patient has ICDAS code 4 - code 6

A randomized clinical trial (RCT) will be conducted in a double-blind manner with 15 children presenting with early carious lesions in Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (control) and two formulations of calcium spray.

Patients who will be recruited are children under 15 years old, whose privacy should be further protected.